SEX DIFFERENCES IN FACULTY TENURE AND PROMOTION: The Contribution of Family Ties     

Laura?W.?PernaEmail author 《Research in higher education》2005,46(3):277-307

  相似文献   

关于反腐败斗争的几点思考     

郭兴达 《滨州学院学报》2002,18(1):22-24

腐败的表现是多方面的。主要表现在经济活动、组织人事、执纪执法、生活作风、结交朋友、亲属管理等方面。产生腐败的原因是复杂的 ,主要有攀比心理、侥幸心理、从众心理、拜金心理。我们应采取加强教育、依靠法制、搞好监督等措施 ,将反腐败斗争进行到底。  相似文献   

The effects of formal learning and informal learning on job performance: the mediating role of the value of learning at work     

Yoonhee?Park  Woojae?ChoiEmail author 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2016,17(2):279-287

Although research has widely recognized the relationships between formal and informal learning and job performance, empirical studies have not paid sufficient attention to these relationships. In addition, there is little understanding how individual perceptions toward learning influence the relationships between the aforementioned two types of learning and job performance. In the present study, it was proposed that formal and informal learning can influence job performance. Moreover, in the relationships between formal and informal learning and job performance, the value of learning at work was considered as a mediator. With a sample of employees from small and medium-sized enterprises in South Korea, the research showed that formal and informal learning influences job performance through the value of learning at work. Based on the results of the study, several implications were discussed.  相似文献   

Anxiolytic-like effect of ejaculation upon frustration     

Freidin E  Kamenetzky G  Mustaca AE 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(3):277-286

In three experiments, we studied the consequences of ejaculation upon the frustrative or contrast response of male rats exposed to reward downshift situations (i.e., surprising changes from 32% to 4% sucrose solutions). Similar to what has been found after treatment with anxiolytic agents, consummatory suppression was partially reversed by previous ejaculations in a second postshift trial (Experiments 2 and 3), such a result not having been obtained in a first postshift trial (Experiment 1). Moreover, the effect of ejaculations upon males' behavior during a second postshift trial was transitory, disappearing when assessed during the third and fourth postshift trials (Experiment 3). These results are in accordance with both Amsel's (1958, 1992) frustration theory and Flaherty's (1996) multistage hypothesis of successive negative contrast; the diverse factors that are known to modulate contrast effects are considered, including an interpretation of the present data in terms of the anxiolytic-like effect of the ejaculation.  相似文献   

Effects of single‐sex versus co‐educational classes and schools on gender differences in progress in language and mathematics achievement     

Eva Van de gaer  Jan Van Damme  Agnes De Munter 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2004,25(3):307-322

In this study, the effects of single‐sex versus co‐educational classes and schools on the progress in language and mathematics of boys and girls at the end of the second year of secondary education are investigated. Data from the Longitudinaal Onderzoek Secundair Onderwijs project are used. Multilevel analyses were carried out on a sample of approximately 4000 pupils, 330 classes (190 single‐sex), 180 teachers and 50 schools (20 single‐sex). The results indicate that for boys the gender composition of the classes has more impact than the gender composition of the schools, whereas for girls the gender composition of the schools is more important. Boys make more progress for language (and not for mathematics) in co‐educational classes even after we have taken into account the selective nature of the classes. Girls, on the other hand, make more progress for mathematics (but not for language) in single‐sex than in co‐educational schools.  相似文献   

The creative genius: John Nash     

Sujatha?BabuEmail author  Nagarajan?Krishnamurthy  T.?Parthasarathy 《Resonance》2016,21(9):769-772

  相似文献   

The content and form of reader-generated questions: implications for teaching questioning strategies     

Remedios?Z.?MicianoEmail author 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2004,5(2):149-156

Two classes in Developmental Reading were trained in question-formulation and were then required to ask any number and type of questions based on four texts. Three inter-raters coded the questions for their content and form. The results of the study showed the dominance of recognition or retrieval questions, suggesting the students’ proficiency in reading for details and conversely, a deficiency in critical reading. In terms of form, although 57% of the questions were coherent and grammatical, this fact alone may not indicate a high English Language proficiency. There were also many instances of the direct copying of phrases from the original text, pointing to the students’ lack of confidence or ability in summarizing and paraphrasing.  相似文献   

何谓与何为——关于北京师范大学转型的初步研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

檀传宝 《教师教育研究》2003,15(6):1-7

“十五”期间北京师范大学的战略任务是“实现向以教师教育、教育科学和文理基础学科为主要特色的综合性研究型大学的历史转型”。在教师教育方面,转型的主要任务是将教师培养的重心上移至“学士后”教师教育,并真正实现教师教育与各本科专业教育的“剥离”或教师教育的“教育学院化”。在人才培养上,应当确立“精品本科”的教育理念并形成研究生培养为主的办学格局,高度重视本科和研究生教育质量的提高。为了顺利实现历史转型,学校还必须高度重视学科发展和队伍建设的统一规划,大力推进学校内部管理体制的改革。  相似文献   

Lesen Mädchen anders?     

Knut?SchwippertEmail author  Wilfried?Bos  Eva-Maria?Lankes 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2004,7(2):219-234

Zusammenfassung Die Gender bezogene Forschung der letzten Jahre setzte sich insbesondere mit Differenzen in mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Kompetenzen auseinander, w?hrend die Unterschiede im Leseverst?ndnis weniger Beachtung fanden. Dabei sind national wie auch international die Befunde von gro? angelegten Schulvergleichsstudien konsistent: M?dchen lernen schneller und besser lesen, und auch wenn die Jungen in der Sekundarstufe aufholen, so erreichen sie den Stand der M?dchen auch im Jugendalter noch nicht. Anhand der 2001 durchgeführten Internationalen Grundschul-Lese-Untersuchung (IGLU) wird untersucht, ob der Vorsprung der M?dchen im Leseverst?ndnis schon in der Grundschule angelegt ist. Anhand differenzieller Item Analysen wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob sich auch bei einzelnen Fragen systematische Unterschiede zwischen M?dchen und Jungen nachweisen lassen. Anhand der Analysen kann gezeigt werden, dass geringe Geschlechtsdifferenzen bezüglich des Frageformats (offenes Antwortformat vs. Multiple Choice) und den Leseleistungen bei literarischen und Informationstexten bestehen. Bei Betrachtung der in IGLU getesteten Verstehensaspekte ergeben sich keine Differenzen zwischen Jungen und M?dchen. Hingegen ist bezüglich der Aufgabenschwierigkeiten ein Zusammenhang mit geschlechtsspezifischen L?sungsh?ufigkeiten festzustellen, was ?ltere Befunde stützt, die gezeigt haben, dass M?dchen routinierter lesen. Als m?gliche Konsequenz dieser Untersuchung k?nnte die Anregung gegeben werden, im Unterricht vermehrt Leseanreize zu geben, welche Jungen eher ansprechen, um sie so zum vermehrten Lesen zu führen. In sp?teren Untersuchungen w?re dann zu kl?ren, ob die Jungen so mehr Sicherheit bei routinierten Leseaufgaben erreichen k?nnten und ggf. zu dem von M?dchen gezeigten Niveau des Leseverst?ndnisses aufschlie?en k?nnten.

---

Summary Over the last few years research has particularly concerned itself with gender differences between competencies in mathematics and natural sciences, whilst differences in reading comprehension have had little attention. At the same time, national and international evidence from large-scale school comparisons has shown consistently that girls learn to read faster and better. Even when boys catch up at secondary level, they do not reach the girl’ standard in their teens. On the basis of the international reading study IGLU carried out in 2001, this contribution will ask whether the girl’ head-start can already be observed at primary school level. Using differential item-analysis, the question of whether answers to individual questions show systematic differences will be investigated. The analysis shows only small gender differences regarding question format (open questions vs. multiple choice) and reading performance for literary and informational texts. Also, no differences between boys and girls can be found in the aspects of comprehension tested for in the IGLU-study. However, there is a connection between the level of task difficulty and the frequency of solving tasks by gender, which supports previous evidence that girls read more proficiently. A possible consequence of this study could be the using of reading incentives in class, which are particularly aimed at boys, to encourage their reading. Further studies would have to investigate whether boys achieve an improved confidence in tasks calling for reading proficiency and are therefore able to reach the standards of reading comprehension set by the girls.

  相似文献   

Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot,the kea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Nestor notabilis</Emphasis>)     

Gajdon GK  Fijn N  Huber L 《Learning & behavior》2004,32(1):62-71

Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranging animals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and tested on keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 halfhour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds’ use of bill and feet when exploring the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations.  相似文献