Agents control in intelligent learning systems: The case of reactive characteristics     

Ana Lilia Laureano-Cruces  Javier Ramírez-Rodríguez  Fernando de Arriaga  Rafael Escarela-Pérez 《Interactive Learning Environments》2013,21(2):95-118

Intelligent learning systems (ILSs) have evolved in the last few years basically because of influences received from multi-agent architectures (MAs). Conflict resolution among agents has been a very important problem for multi-agent systems, with specific features in the case of ILSs. The literature shows that ILSs with cognitive or pedagogical agents are prone to arbitration methods, where as ILSs with reactive agents are much in favor of control mechanisms. For these kind of systems, different control types are proposed based on the different stimuli that these agents will receive. These stimuli are aspects to be evaluated during the teaching/learning process such as: (1) error analysis, (2) learning styles, (3) analogies, (4) social aspects, etc.

The paper reviews several ILSs, related to our work; different control mechanisms are proposed to solve the agents' intervention conflicts. Finally, the use of several mechanisms is exemplified by the results of a specific ILS.  相似文献   

The relationship between teacher’s autonomy support and students’ autonomy and vitality     

Juan L. Núñez  Celia Fernández  Fernando Grijalvo 《Teachers and Teaching》2013,19(2):191-202

Abstract

Within education, some teachers’ interpretation of professionalism emphasizes conformity to the perceived norms of collective associations. Unprofessional behaviour, often equated with ‘unethical’ behaviour, is seen by many to be that which threatens solidarity and loyalty to colleagues. Informal norms typified by casual collegial relations as well as more formal attachments to organized unions or teachers’ federations exert a significant influence on individuals’ behaviour within the group. Professional ethics, in this sense, become concerned primarily with how one relates to colleagues rather than how one fulfils moral responsibilities to students. Qualitative findings from interviews with elementary and secondary school teachers suggest that, as a result of an ethic of collegial loyalty, some teachers experience personal moral and ethical dilemmas that they find difficult to resolve. Some respondents acknowledged that this can enable serious situations to be ignored or ‘covered up’. This paper examines some of the tensions and dilemmas experienced by teachers and raises questions about the ethical adequacy of defining professionalism in terms of inter‐colleague behaviour.  相似文献   

Determinants of cultural and popular celebration attendance: the case study of Seville Spring Fiestas     

María Luisa Palma  Luis Palma  Luis Fernando Aguado 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2013,37(1):87-107

The Spring Fiestas in Seville (Spain) (SFS) are the most important cultural events in the city each year. The present paper pursues two aims. The first is to characterize the SFS as a new prototype of a complex cultural good that expresses the link between the people and the place in which they live based on material and immaterial cultural heritage represented through popular celebrations. The second goal is to conduct an empirical analysis of the determinants that shape attendance intensity by estimating a zero-truncated count data model using a unique dataset of attendees at the SFS in 2009. Findings indicate that attendance is strongly associated with variables reflecting knowledge, institutional links, past experiences, and the perceived external benefits generated by the existence of the SFS. The article contributes to the literature by exploring participation in popular celebrations, a field of inquiry that to date is extremely limited in cultural economics.  相似文献   

Granite desalination using electromigration. Influence of type of granite and saline contaminant     

Jorge Feijoo  Xosé Ramón Nóvoa  Teresa Rivas  María Jesús Mosquera  Javier Taboada  Cristina Montojo  Fernando Carrera 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2013,14(5):365-376

We describe the results of electromigration desalination of two soluble salt-contaminated Galician granites. The efficacy of electromigration, which had not been previously applied to granite, was assessed for two types of granite contaminated with a 20% NaCl solution and seawater. Desalination effectiveness was evaluated as follows: (1) analysis of anode and cathode ion content during testing; (2) analysis of ions at different distances from the electrodes after testing; (3) pH assessment of the stone surfaces; and (4) evaluation of colour changes. Results were very satisfactory; by the end of testing, chloride was reduced by almost 100% in both the NaCl and seawater contaminated samples. Sulfate reduction was also significant, despite this ion's lower mobility. The granite pH values remained close to neutral and colour changes were minimal. The difference in effectiveness of the process for the two types of stone was associated with their dissimilar pore structure.  相似文献   

Correlation analysis of performance measures for multi-label classification     

Rafael B. Pereira  Alexandre Plastino  Bianca Zadrozny  Luiz H.C. Merschmann 《Information processing & management》2018,54(3):359-369

In many important application domains, such as text categorization, scene classification, biomolecular analysis and medical diagnosis, examples are naturally associated with more than one class label, giving rise to multi-label classification problems. This fact has led, in recent years, to a substantial amount of research in multi-label classification. In order to evaluate and compare multi-label classifiers, researchers have adapted evaluation measures from the single-label paradigm, like Precision and Recall; and also have developed many different measures specifically for the multi-label paradigm, like Hamming Loss and Subset Accuracy. However, these evaluation measures have been used arbitrarily in multi-label classification experiments, without an objective analysis of correlation or bias. This can lead to misleading conclusions, as the experimental results may appear to favor a specific behavior depending on the subset of measures chosen. Also, as different papers in the area currently employ distinct subsets of measures, it is difficult to compare results across papers. In this work, we provide a thorough analysis of multi-label evaluation measures, and we give concrete suggestions for researchers to make an informed decision when choosing evaluation measures for multi-label classification.  相似文献   

Handwriting production in Spanish children with dyslexia: spelling or motor difficulties?     

Martínez-García  Cristina  Afonso  Olivia  Cuetos  Fernando  Suárez-Coalla  Paz 《Reading and writing》2021,34(3):565-593

Reading and Writing - Spelling and handwriting are different processes; however, they are learned simultaneously, and numerous studies have shown that they interact. Besides the commonly reported...  相似文献   

Prosody in the reading of children with specific language impairment / La prosodia en la lectura de niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje     

Natalia Jordán  Fernando Cuetos  Paz Suárez-Coalla 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2019,42(1):87-127

Expressive reading is considered one of the subprocesses involved in reading fluency, and good readers show greater changes in tone and fewer unnecessary pauses than bad ones. Given the high frequency of reading difficulties in specific language impairment (SLI), there may be certain differences in the use of prosody among children with SLI. The purpose of this study was to research whether prosody in the reading of children with Spanish SLI differs from that in the reading of typical readers. To do so, 44 children (SLI and control) read aloud a text which contained declarative, interrogative and exclamatory sentences. Different prosodic parameters referring to length, tone and intensity were measured. The results showed that the children with SLI read slower, commit more errors and make more inappropriate pauses. Furthermore, fewer pitch variations were found in the interrogative sentence and in the final features of the sentence. These results confirm the relationship between decoding and prosody; therefore, interventions with these children should bear in mind the practice of expressive reading while learning reading fluency.  相似文献   

Assessing visibility,legibility and comprehension for interactive whiteboards (IWBs) vs. computers     

Olga Megalakaki  Alexandre Porion  Léa Pasqualotti  Thierry Baccino 《教育心理学》2016,36(9):1631-1650

The usability of interactive whiteboards vs. computers was evaluated on three dimensions (visibility, legibility and comprehension) in the secondary school pupils. The visibility assessment consisted in detecting a visual stimulus varying in luminance using a staircase procedure, legibility was assessed with a target-search task, and we administered narrative and explanatory texts with or without illustrations to evaluate comprehension. The results of the visibility test showed that pupils found the light signal easier to detect on the IWB. For the legibility test, we observed differences in error rates and discriminability according to medium, font size and congruence between target and the distractor letters. Performances in the comprehension test were similar for both explanatory and narrative texts. Moreover, the presence of illustrations does not improve comprehension. These results could be related to the hierarchical structure of the texts, which facilitate comprehension.  相似文献   

Guest Editorial     

Fernando Almeida Diniz 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1991,14(2):103-105

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Agricultural extension in Latin America: current dynamics of pluralistic advisory systems in heterogeneous contexts     

Laurens Klerkx  Fernando Landini  Horacio Santoyo-Cortés 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2016,22(5):389-397

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