La aproximación neuropsicológica a la dislexia evolutiva. I: Maduración cerebral     

Dionisio Manga  Francisco Ramos Campos 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(34):43-55

Resumen

En los últimos años se constata un auge singular de la neuropsicología de las dificultades de aprendizaje, en especial de la neuropsicología de la dislexia evolutiva. En este trabajo se estudia, como posible explicación etiológica de la dislexia evolutiva, el fallo en el desarrollo madurativo cerebral; se revisan y analizan, a efectos de poder ofrecer pronósticos y modos de intervención apropiados, la diferencia entre la hipótesis del retraso y la del déficit en la maduración, así como la alternativa de restitución o sustitución en la recuperación funcional. Se examinan también otros problemas relacionados entre sí con la dislexia y con la neuropsicología del desarrollo, a saber, la base neurofistológica para formación de subgrupos disléxicos, la disfunción de secuenciación oculomotora como etiología de dislexia y, por fin, la luz que la dislexia adquirida aporta a la dislexia evolutiva al relacionar lesiones del lóbulo parietal inferior con el subdesarrollo madurativo de estas mismas zonas cerebrales.  相似文献   

Learning in collaborative settings: students building on each other’s ideas to promote their mathematical understanding     

John M. Francisco 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2013,82(3):417-438

The purpose of this study is to contribute insights into how collaborative activity can help promote students’ mathematical understanding. A group of six high school students (15- to 16-year olds) worked together on a challenging probability task as part of a larger, after-school, longitudinal study on students’ development of mathematical ideas in problem-solving settings. The students solved the problem and produced a valid justification of their solution. This study shows that collaborative activity can help promote students’ mathematical understanding by providing opportunities for students to critically reexamine how they make claims from facts and also enable them to build on one another’s ideas to construct more sophisticated ways of reasoning. Implications for classroom teaching and ideas for future research are also discussed. The study helps address a documented need for a better understanding of how mathematical learning evolves in social settings.  相似文献   

Conceptualising gender and violence in research: Insights from studies in schools and communities in Kenya,Ghana and Mozambique     

Jenny Parkes  Jo Heslop  Samwel Oando  Susan Sabaa  Francisco Januario  Asmara Figue 《International Journal of Educational Development》2013

Gender and violence are complex and contested concepts, understood in varying ways in research, policy and interventions in education. Often there has been an emphasis on acts of violence, with much less attention to the social conditions and gender relations behind these acts. This paper discusses the development of a conceptual framework that emphasises not just acts and individuals, but also transformation of gendered power relations and inequities, alongside a focus on addressing the identity conflicts and struggles of everyday life. The framework underpins research, advocacy and community interventions in a multi-partnered project on violence against girls led by ActionAid.  相似文献   

LGBTQ+ health research guides at North American health sciences libraries: a survey and content analysis     

Gregg A. Stevens  Francisco J. Fajardo 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2021,109(3):406

Objectives:Current literature recommends online research guides as an easy and effective tool to promote LGBTQ+ health information to both health care providers and the public. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine how extensive LGBTQ+ health guides are among hospital and academic libraries and which features are most prevalent.Methods:In order to locate LGBTQ+ health guides for content analysis, we searched for guides on the websites of libraries belonging to the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) and the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL). Additionally, we searched the Springshare interface for LibGuides with the word “health” and either “LGBT” or “transgender.” Content analysis was performed to identify major characteristics of the located guides, including target audience and the information type provided.Results:LGBTQ+ research guides were identified for 74 libraries. Of these, 5 were hospital libraries, and the rest were academic libraries. Of 158 AAHSL member libraries, 48 (30.4%) had LGBTQ+ guides on their websites. Nearly all guides (95.9%) provided general LGBTQ+ health information, and a large majority (87.8%) also had information resources for transgender health. Smaller percentages of guides contained information on HIV/AIDS (48.6%) and women''s health (16.2%).Conclusions:Even though literature recommends creating LGBTQ+ health guides, most health sciences libraries are missing an opportunity by not developing and maintaining these guides. Further research may be needed to determine the usage and usefulness of existing guides and to better identify barriers preventing libraries from creating guides.  相似文献   

Theodosius Dobzhansky: A man for all seasons     

Francisco J. Ayala 《Resonance》2000,5(10):48-60

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Defining,assessing, and developing creativity in sport: a systematic narrative review     

Francisco de Sa Fardilha  Justine B. Allen 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2020,13(1):104-127

ABSTRACT

Research on creativity in sport is gaining momentum, due to a growing interest from coaches and academics in developing strategies to increase unpredictability in individual and collective behaviour which may allow teams to gain an important advantage over their opponents. The purpose of this paper was to conduct the first systematic narrative review of the literature on sporting creativity, critically synthesising 51 years of published research (1967–2018) and proposing avenues for future research. Six databases were used, and 48 documents met search criteria. The findings are organised in four categories: (a) defining creativity, (b) correlates of creativity, (c) assessing creativity and (d) developing creativity. Creativity definitions and assessments have privileged thought processes over the ability to act. A distinction is warranted between creativity about sport and creativity in sport (in action) and aligned assessment methods. The literature does not support a single strategy for the development of sporting creativity but does support its trainability. Evidence of the effectiveness of programmes for the enhancement of sporting creativity is growing but is still limited. Furthermore, while it is recognised that coaches have a pivotal role in the development of sporting creativity, research involving them is still scarce.  相似文献   

Towards a new cosmopolitan social contract: social trends and political challenges     

Sousa  João Carlos 《Metascience》2020,29(3):493-496

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Waltzing with Bears: Managing Risk on Software Projects: by Tom DeMarco and Timothy Lister. New York, NY: Dorset House Publishing, 2003. 208p. $33.45. ISBN 0-93263-360-9. LC 2003043481     

Jonathan D. Sousa  Technical Applications Development Manager  Association of Research Libraries  Dupont Circle  Suite  Washington DC  . PIIS-- 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2003,29(6):421-422

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Hidden connections: Network effects on editorial decisions in four computer science journals     

Giangiacomo Bravo  Mike Farjam  Francisco Grimaldo Moreno  Aliaksandr Birukou  Flaminio Squazzoni 《Journal of Informetrics》2018,12(1):101-112

This paper aims to examine the influence of authors’ reputation on editorial bias in scholarly journals. By looking at eight years of editorial decisions in four computer science journals, including 7179 observations on 2913 submissions, we reconstructed author/referee-submission networks. For each submission, we looked at reviewer scores and estimated the reputation of submission authors by means of their network degree. By training a Bayesian network, we estimated the potential effect of scientist reputation on editorial decisions. Results showed that more reputed authors were less likely to be rejected by editors when they submitted papers receiving negative reviews. Although these four journals were comparable for scope and areas, we found certain journal specificities in their editorial process. Our findings suggest ways to examine the editorial process in relatively similar journals without recurring to in-depth individual data, which are rarely available from scholarly journals.  相似文献   

Disruption of latent inhibition by interpolation of task-irrelevant stimulation between preexposure and conditioning     

Escobar M  Arcediano F  Miller RR 《Learning & behavior》2005,33(3):371-385

Latent inhibition refers to attenuated responding to a conditioned stimulus (CS) that was repeatedly presented without reinforcement prior to the CS-unconditioned stimulus (US) pairings. Using water-deprived rats as subjects, we observed that interpolating task-irrelevant stimulation between the preexposure and conditioning phases of a latent inhibition procedure attenuated latent inhibition (Experiments 1A, 1B, and 2). Apparently, interpolated stimulation segments the preexposure and conditioning treatments into two separate experiences, much in the same way that a change of context would. Consistent with this view, the interpolated stimulation did not disrupt latent inhibition if it was also presented during both preexposure and conditioning (Experiment 3). We view these results as analogous to those of Escobar, Arcediano, and Miller (2003), who suggested that the difficulty in observing latent inhibition in human adults is related to the segmentation between preexposure and conditioning caused by the usual interpolation of instructions in preparations with humans.  相似文献