Archives as networks: the geography of record-keeping in the Society of Jesus (1540–1773)     

Markus Friedrich 《Archival Science》2010,10(3):285-298

This paper examines the archives of a major Catholic order, the Society of Jesus. The quality and amount of Jesuit sources allows a very detailed reconstruction not only of how the archives were meant to function, but also of how they were used in daily life. While the Jesuits and their archives resemble many other early modern institutions, the wealth of documentation nevertheless makes them particularly suitable for a case study of early modern archival practice. The paper argues that the order consciously developed a network of archives that closely mirrored the institutional framework of the Jesuit bureaucracy. Ideally, smooth and swift movement of papers within this network was meant to provide easy access to relevant documents for users at all hierarchical levels. In reality, however, Jesuit record keeping remained far from this ideal. Papers were misplaced or simply got lost in the maze of archives.  相似文献   

Differential-outcomes effect using hedonically nondifferential outcomes with delayed matching to sample by pigeons     

Holly C. Miller  Andrea M. Friedrich  Randi J. Narkavic  Thomas R. ZentAll 《Learning & behavior》2009,37(2):161-166

When differential outcomes follow correct responses to each of two comparison stimuli in matching to sample, relative to the appropriate control condition, higher matching accuracy is typically found, especially when there is a delay between the sample and the comparison stimuli. In two experiments, we examined whether this differential-outcomes effect depends on using outcomes that differ in hedonic value (e.g., food vs. water). In Experiment 1, we found facilitated retention when a blue houselight followed correct responses to one comparison stimulus and a white houselight followed correct responses to the other, prior to nondifferential presentations of food. In Experiment 2, we found facilitated retention again when a blue houselight followed correct responses to one comparison stimulus and a tone followed correct responses to the other, prior to nondifferential presentations of food. The results of both experiments indicate that the differential-outcomes effect does not depend on a difference in hedonic value of the differential outcomes, and they suggest that outcome anticipations consisting of relatively arbitrary but differential stimulus representations can serve as cues for comparison choice.  相似文献   

Welche Rolle spielt neben Merkmalen des Instruktionsdesigns die fachspezifische und aufgabenspezifische Motivation beim Lernen mit Multimedia im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht?     

Prof. Dr. Katharina Scheiter  Dr. Anne Schüler  Prof. Dr. Peter Gerjets  Kim Stalbovs  Carina Schubert  Dr. Thomas Huk  Prof. Dr. Dr. Friedrich W. Hesse 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(2):279-296

The present paper reports on an empirical study which investigated learning with text and animations in the science classroom. In a 2?×?2 design the presence of multimedia learning material instruction (text only vs. text + animations) as well as the modality of the explanatory text (spoken vs. written) were tested. Prior to learning, students’ motivation to learn was assessed as a continuous factor. Recall and transfer were assessed immediately after learning. The results show better recall of information for learners with multimedia materials, providing the animations were accompanied by spoken text. However, in contrast to the positive effects of domain-specific motivation this multimedia effect was not evident for transfer. The effects of multimedia design were independent of motivation. Implications for future studies are discussed.  相似文献   

Spiel- und Bewegungskarrieren sehgeschädigter Kinder und Jugendlicher     

Jürgen Schwier  G. Friedrich 《Sportwissenschaft》1996,26(3):331-335

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Children's intuitive mathematics: the development of knowledge about nonlinear growth     

Ebersbach M  Wilkening F 《Child development》2007,78(1):296-308

This study is concerned with the development of children's intuitive understanding of nonlinear processes. The ability to estimate linear and exponential growth was examined in 7-, 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old children and adults (N=160). Whereas linear growth was judged correctly at all ages, estimations of exponential growth were in line with mathematically correct values only in 13-year-olds and adults. However, 9-year-olds already judged the result of exponential growth as being significantly higher than that of linear growth, and even a remarkable proportion of 7-year-olds showed such discrimination between the two types of functions. Results point to the existence of an early intuitive knowledge about the characteristics of nonlinear growth, long before those functions are taught in school.  相似文献   

One task,divergent solutions: high- versus low-status sources and social comparison guide adaptation in a computer-supported socio-cognitive conflict task     

Antonia E. E. Baumeister  Tanja Engelmann  Friedrich W. Hesse 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2017,65(2):237-253

This experimental study extends conflict elaboration theory (1) by revealing social influence dynamics for a knowledge-rich computer-supported socio-cognitive conflict task not investigated in the context of this theory before and (2) by showing the impact of individual differences in social comparison orientation. Students in two conditions (N = 59) compared their self-created task solution with a partly correct solution presented additionally, deviating from their solution. The other solution’s source was introduced either as a low status source (“peer”) or as a high status source (“textbook”) whereas the presented solution was identical. In a baseline condition, this comparison possibility was missing. Students in the textbook condition experienced more socio-cognitive conflict and adapted their solution more often to the correct aspect of the presented solution than students in the peer condition. Students low in social comparison orientation adapted their solution more extensively in the textbook condition than in the peer condition.  相似文献   

Assessment of the biocompatibility of three-dimensional-printed polymers using multispecies toxicity tests     

Feng Zhu  Timo Friedrich  Dayanthi Nugegoda  Jan Kaslin  Donald Wlodkowic 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(6)

Additive manufacturing was adopted in multiple fields of life sciences. It is also becoming a popular tool for rapid prototyping of microfluidic and biomedical devices. Limited studies have been performed to investigate the biological implications of using 3D printed polymers. Here we assessed the biocompatibility of seven commercially available polymers, using a battery of standardized bioassays for chemical risk assessment. Our data show that leachates from photopolymers substrata appear to be very toxic to vertebrates and several invertebrate indicator organisms. These results demonstrate significant consequences for the use of selected photopolymers in the fabrication of bio-devices.  相似文献   

Sequoia Litany     

Gerhard Friedrich 《The Educational forum》2013,77(4)

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REQUIEM     

Gerhard Friedrich 《The Educational forum》2013,77(4)

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Bildung und Wirtschaft Ansätze zu Einer Ökonomie des Bildungswesens     

Friedrich Edding 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1960,6(1):129-140

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