The importance of the storytaker: An investigation of the imaginative life     

Brian Sutton-Smith  David Abrams  Gil Botvin  Marylou Caring  Daniel Gildesgame  Thomas Stevens 《The Urban Review》1975,8(2):82-95

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A community's commitment to career planning for all: Clarity and commitment     

Gil Lehman 《Journal of Career Development》1996,23(1):23-31

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Summary versus argument tasks when working with multiple documents: Which is better for whom?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Laura Gil  Ivar Bråten  Eduardo Vidal-Abarca  Helge I. Strømsø 《Contemporary educational psychology》2010

This article reports on two experiments where undergraduates read five documents on a scientific topic and afterwards answered comprehension questions and wrote either summaries or argument essays on the topic. In the first experiment, students who were instructed to work with the documents for the purpose of summarizing their contents displayed better comprehension and integration of document contents than did students instructed to construct arguments from the documents. In the second experiment, focusing on whether the effects of task instructions on multiple-documents comprehension and integration could be moderated by students’ prior knowledge, it was found that only students with high prior knowledge were able to take advantage of instructions to construct arguments while reading, whereas low-knowledge readers seemed to be more hindered than helped by such task instructions. Theoretical as well as educational implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

The association of child abuse and neglect with adult disability in schizophrenia and the prominent role of physical neglect     

Alexei Gil  Clarissa S. Gama  Danilo Rocha de Jesus  Maria Inês Lobato  Marilene Zimmer  Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu 《Child abuse & neglect》2009,33(9):618-624

ObjectiveTo assess long-lasting effects of childhood trauma on the functional outcome of adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.MethodNinety-nine stable patients with schizophrenia followed in an outpatient program at a public university hospital in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, were investigated for childhood traumatic experiences by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and for functional impairment by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO/DAS). The schizophrenia diagnosis was assessed by ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria according to the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT).ResultsChildhood trauma in general was associated with increased disability in adulthood, reflected by impaired Overall Behavior (p = .023) and Global Evaluation (p = .032). Analysis of specific traumatic domains revealed that increased childhood physical neglect was associated with functional impairment in Overall Behavior (p < .000), Social Role Performance (p = .037) and Global Evaluation (p = .014). Higher emotional abuse was associated with impaired Overall Behavior (p = .026), and higher emotional neglect with poor Global Evaluation (p = .047). Additionally, earlier onset of illness was associated with lower level of functioning evidenced by impairment in Overall Behavior (p = .042). Linear regression using WHO/DAS sections (Overall Behavior, Social Role Performance and Global Evaluation) as dependent variables and CTQ subscales indicated that only physical neglect had an effect on adult functionality.ConclusionsChildhood trauma was associated with functional and social impairment in adult patients with schizophrenia. Specific types of abuse and neglect, such as physical neglect and emotional abuse and neglect, influenced disability, and the most robust association was physical neglect. Studies involving more patients, with normal controls and additional measurements of biological liability, should be conducted to confirm this association and to increase the understanding of gene-environment relationship in schizophrenia and pathways to disability.Practice implicationsFurther investigation is warranted to clarify the association between childhood trauma and disability in schizophrenia, as well as to develop standardized instruments for the assessment of trauma and earlier detection of risk along with education of patients and families about adequate care, in an effort to reduce the incidence of disability in schizophrenia.  相似文献   

Is dyslexia a form of specific language impairment? a comparison of dyslexic and language impaired children as adolescents     

Nata K. Goulandris  Margaret J. Snowling  Ian Walker 《Annals of dyslexia》2000,50(1):103-120

Two groups of adolescents with a childhood history of language impairment were compared with a group of developmentally dyslexic young people of the same age and nonverbal ability. The study also included two comparison groups of typically developing children, one of the same age as those in the clinical groups, and a younger comparison group of similar reading level to the dyslexic students. Tests of spoken and written language skills revealed that the adolescents with dyslexia were indistinguishable from those with resolved language impairments on spoken language tasks, and both groups performed at age-expected levels. However, both dyslexic readers and those with resolved specific language impairments showed deficits in phonological awareness. On written language tasks, a different pattern of performance was apparent. In reading and spelling, adolescents with dyslexia performed only as well as those with persistent oral language impairments and younger controls. However, their reading comprehension was better. The theoretical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Foster parents: set up to fail     

E Gil 《Child abuse & neglect》1984,8(1):121-123

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Gender matters in transition to adulthood: A survey study of adolescents with disabilities and their families     

Kristin Powers  Jennifer Hogansen  Sarah Geenen  Laurie E. Powers  Eleanor Gil‐Kashiwabara 《Psychology in the schools》2008,45(4):349-364

This survey study explored gender differences in transition imperatives and opportunities for youth with disabilities (N = 521). Results indicated that males and females differ in terms of the adult outcomes they hope to achieve, transition training opportunities they have received, and their access to teachers and other nonfamilial adults to assist them. Youth and parents who responded to the survey indicated that gender stereotypes continue to exist and that these stereotypes result in lowered expectations for girls. Gender stereotypes were found to vary by ethnicity. Access to health insurance and a good doctor were rated as top priorities for all youth transitioning to adulthood. Implications for educators, psychologists, and counselors are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

基于WLAN的视频分发需要增强型技术     

Gil Epshtein 《中国科技信息》2006,(9):64-65,72

视频多媒体共享对消费电子与无线网络的融合来说至关重要.随着数字和个人视频录像机变得普及,消费者期望能够在家中的任何地方访问所存储的视频资料.  相似文献   

The role of language, appearance, and culture in children's social category-based induction     

Diesendruck G  HaLevi H 《Child development》2006,77(3):539-553

Four studies examined whether Israeli 5-year-olds (N = 88) and adults (N = 48) drew inferences about psychological properties based on a character's social category, personality trait, or physical appearance trait. Study 1 revealed that while children drew inferences mostly by social category, adults did it by personality trait. Study 2 showed that the children's pattern was not due to how the categorical information was conveyed. Studies 3 and 4 demonstrated that for kindergarteners, labels, not appearances, are determinant of the inductive potential of social categories. Studies indicated that "Jew" and "Arab" were the most inductively powerful social categories for both children and adults. The results carry implications for the roles of language, appearances, and culture in the conceptualization of "human kinds."  相似文献   

Norm estimates for function Lyapunov equations and applications     

Michael Gil’ 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2018,355(10):4241-4247

We consider the function Lyapunov equation $f^{*}\left(A\right)X+Xf\left(A\right)=C,$ where A and C are given matrices, f(z) is a function holomorphic on a neighborhood of the spectrum σ(A) of A. For a solution X of that equation, norm estimates are established. By these estimates we investigate perturbations of a matrix A whose spectrum satisfies the condition $\inf ?\sigma \left(f\right(A\left)\right)>0$. In the case $f\left(z\right)=z^{\nu }$ with a positive integer ν we obtain conditions that provide localization of the spectrum of a perturbed matrix in a given angle.  相似文献