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Identity concept formation was tested in a harbor seal using a visual multiple-choice matching-tosample task. The seal was
first trained on a two-alternative matching task. After criterion (≥80% correct choices in two successive sessions) was reached
with two sets of two stimuli (Figure 3, Blocks A and B), stimulus sets were enlarged to six objects (Blocks C-G). After the
seal reached criterion immediately with two successive sets (Blocks F and G), multiple-choice matching was introduced, first
using stimulus sets of four familiar objects (Blocks H-M). After the seal reached the criterion immediately with two successive
sets (Blocks L and M), completely new objects were used in two further stimulus sets (Blocks N and O). The seal immediately
applied the matching rule in all four sessions (≥80% correct choices). In two further sessions with problems composed of all
38 familiar stimuli, the seal again reached the criterion (Block P). In the final, transfer session, 20 new problems were
composed of 80 unknown stimuli (Block Q). The seal immediately applied the matching rule in these one-trial tests, showing
that harbor seals can conceptualize complex visual information. 相似文献
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Guido Makransky Philip Havmose Maria Louison Vang Tonny Elmose Andersen Tine Nielsen 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(5):1003-1016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of a two-step admissions procedure that included a cognitive ability test followed by multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) used to assess non-cognitive skills, compared to grade-based admissions relative to subsequent drop-out rates and academic achievement after one and two years of study. The participants consisted of the entire population of 422 psychology students who were admitted to the University of Southern Denmark between 2010 and 2013. The results showed significantly lower drop-out rates after the first year of study, and non-significant lower drop-out rates after the second year of study for the admission procedure that included the assessment of non-cognitive skills though the MMI and the admissions test. Furthermore, this admission procedure resulted in a significant lower risk of failing the final exam after the first and second year of study, compared to the grade-based admissions procedure. Finally, students admitted through the MMI and the admissions test scored significantly higher on academic learning self-efficacy and critical thinking compared to students selected by grades. The implications for higher education admissions are discussed. 相似文献
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Numerous studies attest to the distinctive performance of intra-industry spin-offs located in agglomerated regions. Besides entrepreneurs’ pre-entry experience, both superior hires and regional embeddedness have been suggested as factors contributing to this pattern. We employ linked employer-employee data to assess their relevance in the empirical context of the Portuguese plastic injection molds industry. We find that the longevity of entrants is associated with the number and quality of early employees hired from within the industry, consistent with the importance of embodied knowledge flows. Our findings do not suggest that entrants’ centrality in the regional industry network enhances their longevity. 相似文献
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Stephan van der Zwaard Guido Weide Koen Levels Michelle R. I. Eikelboom Dionne A. Noordhof Mathijs J. Hofmijster 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2111-2120
Rowers need to combine high sprint and endurance capacities. Muscle morphology largely explains muscle power generating capacity, however, little is known on how muscle morphology relates to rowing performance measures. The aim was to determine how muscle morphology of the vastus lateralis relates to rowing ergometer performance, sprint and endurance capacity of Olympic rowers. Eighteen rowers (12♂, 6♀, who competed at 2016 Olympics) performed an incremental rowing test to obtain maximal oxygen consumption, reflecting endurance capacity. Sprint capacity was assessed by Wingate cycling peak power. M. vastus lateralis morphology (volume, physiological cross-sectional area, fascicle length and pennation angle) was derived from 3-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Thirteen rowers (7♂, 6♀) completed a 2000-m rowing ergometer time trial. Muscle volume largely explained variance in 2000-m rowing performance (R2 = 0.85), maximal oxygen consumption (R2 = 0.65), and Wingate peak power (R2 = 0.82). When normalized for differences in body size, maximal oxygen consumption and Wingate peak power were negatively related in males (r = ?0.94). Fascicle length, not physiological cross-sectional area, attributed to normalized peak power. In conclusion, vastus lateralis volume largely explains variance in rowing ergometer performance, sprint and endurance capacity. For a high normalized sprint capacity, athletes may benefit from long fascicles rather than a large physiological cross-sectional area. 相似文献
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Emilio Mordini David Wright Kush Wadhwa Paul De Hert Eugenio Mantovani Jesper Thestrup Guido Van Steendam Antonio D’Amico Ira Vater 《Ethics and Information Technology》2009,11(3):203-220
The ageing society poses significant challenges to Europe’s economy and society. In coming to grips with these issues, we
must be aware of their ethical dimensions. Values are the heart of the European Union, as Article 1a of the Lisbon Treaty
makes clear: “The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity…”. The notion of Europe as a community of values
has various important implications, including the development of inclusion policies. A special case of exclusion concerns
the gap between those people with effective access to digital and information technology and those without access to it, the
“digital divide”, which in Europe is chiefly age-related. Policies to overcome the digital divide and, more generally speaking,
e-inclusion policies addressing the ageing population raise some ethical problems. Among younger senior citizens, say those
between 65 and 80 years old, the main issues are likely to be universal access to ICT and e-participation. Among the older
senior citizens, say those more than 80 years old, the main issues are mental and physical deterioration and assistive technology.
An approach geared towards the protection of human rights could match the different needs of senior citizens and provide concrete
guidance to evaluate information technologies for them. 相似文献
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Lorraine Goeuriot Gareth J. F. Jones Liadh Kelly Johannes Leveling Mihai Lupu Joao Palotti Guido Zuccon 《Information Retrieval》2018,21(6):507-540
Since its inception in 2013, one of the key contributions of the CLEF eHealth evaluation campaign has been the organization of an ad-hoc information retrieval (IR) benchmarking task. This IR task evaluates systems intended to support laypeople searching for and understanding health information. Each year the task provides registered participants with standard IR test collections consisting of a document collection and topic set. Participants then return retrieval results obtained by their IR systems for each query, which are assessed using a pooling procedure. In this article we focus on CLEF eHealth 2013 and 2014s retrieval task, which saw topics created based on patients’ information needs associated with their medical discharge summaries. We overview the task and datasets created, and the results obtained by participating teams over these two years. We then provide a detailed comparative analysis of the results, and conduct an evaluation of the datasets in the light of these results. This twofold study of the evaluation campaign teaches us about technical aspects of medical IR, such as the effectiveness of query expansion; the quality and characteristics of CLEF eHealth IR datasets, such as their reliability; and how to run an IR evaluation campaign in the medical domain. 相似文献
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Mobile devices facilitate the use of mobile services that are similar to services used via fixed Internet connections. The objective of this article is to assess displacement effects between fixed and mobile Internet services, and to research the role of technical capabilities of mobile handsets and demographics as moderators. This study is based on a sample of 628 respondents who have access to fixed and mobile Internet services. The respondents' usage of services was analyzed. An online questionnaire was used to collect data on the use of information, communication, entertainment, and transaction services. Mobile Internet reinforces, rather than replaces, Internet usage. When people possess an iPhone® or (mobile) laptop, this reinforcement effect is present for entertainment services. With respect to transaction services, the Blackberry® makes a stronger case. With the exception of gender, demographic characteristics do not have a moderating effect. Women display a stronger reinforcement effect than men in relation to transaction services. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the displacement effects of fixed Internet services by the mobile handset. This empirical study contributes to the literature regarding the displacement effects of mobile Internet services. 相似文献