A questionnaire for listening to students’ voices in the assessment of teaching quality in a classical medical school     

Maria Filomena Gaspar  Anabela Mota Pinto  Hugo Camilo F. da Conceição  José António Pereira da Silva 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2008,33(4):445-453

The purpose of this study was to develop a teaching quality assessment questionnaire and assess its reliability by using it with a sample of first‐year medical students. Principal components analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation resulted in the development of a 12‐item, two‐component tool, adequate for use in lectures and small‐group sessions. The two components were named ‘curriculum’ and ‘relationship’. The Cronbach coefficient alpha values indicated high reliability and internal consistency. According to the results obtained this teaching quality scale is a reliable measure and may be useful in identifying themes in disciplines and among teachers that may benefit from some professional development. Amongst its advantages is that it can be used with an optical reading tool.  相似文献   

Serial position effects in social transmission of food preference: Retention/demonstration intervals     

Benjamin Melchor-Hipólito  Gustavo Meza-Reynoso  C. Edith Juárez-Maldonado  Guadalupe Ortega-Saavedra  Sara E. Cruz-Morales  J. C. Pedro Arriaga-Ramírez 《Learning & behavior》2010,38(1):80-86

The effects of retention and demonstration intervals on serial position were evaluated in two experiments with Long-Evans rats. A list of 3 demonstrators that had eaten one of three flavored foods was presented to naive observers. In Experiment 1, there were four groups, three groups with a retention interval compared with one group with a zero retention interval or no retention interval. In Experiment 2, the demonstration interval was reduced. Intervals of 15, 5, 2, and 1 min were used. In Experiment 1, primacy decreased gradually in the four groups as the retention interval was increased in duration. In Experiment 2, primacy also decreased gradually, and recency occurred with the 1-min demonstrator interval. The increase in the duration of the retention interval reduced primacy. The reduction in the duration of the demonstration interval decreased primacy and produced recency.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Philip Harling  Claire Hoertz Badaracco  J. Kendrick Noble  David A. Kronick Ph.D.  Gustavo Verdesio  Pamela K. Gilbert  J. James Mancuso  Leonard Shatzkin  Thomas L. Bonn  Robert A. Colby  Nat Bodian  Robert F. Kidd  Leonard Shatzkin  Sally P. Bennett  Thomas L. Bonn  John Tebbel  Richard W. Clement  Beth Luey  Pamela K. Gilbert  Herbert S. White  Gretchen V. Douglas 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1996,12(3):50-98

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White children's empathy-related responding and prosocial behavior toward White and Black children     

Tracy L. Spinrad  Nancy Eisenberg  Sonya Xinyue Xiao  Jingyi Xu  Rebecca H. Berger  Sarah L. Pierotti  Deborah J. Laible  Gustavo Carlo  Diana E. Gal-Szabo  Jayley Janssen  Ashley Fraser  Xiaoye Xu  Wen Wang  Jamie Lopez 《Child development》2023,94(1):93-109

Relations among White (non-Latinx) children's empathy-related responding, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes toward White and Black peers were examined. In 2017, 190 (54% boys) White 5- to 9-year-old children (M = 7.09 years, SD = 0.94) watched a series of videos that depicted social rejection of either a White or Black child. Empathy-related responses, prosocial behaviors, and racial attitudes were measured using multiple methods. Results showed that younger children showed less facial concern toward Black than White peers and greater increases with age in concern and prosocial behaviors (sharing a desirable prize) for Black, compared to White, targets. Children's facial anger increased with age for White but not Black targets. The findings can extend our understanding children's anti-racism development.  相似文献   

Thoracoabdominal breathing motion pattern and coordination of professional ballet dancers     

Isabella Martins Rodrigues  Gustavo Ramos Dalla Bernardina  Karine Jacon Sarro  Guido Baroni  Pietro Cerveri  Amanda Piaia Silvatti 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):51-62

Ballet training includes exercises of high and moderate intensities, which require breathing control for a good performance. This study describes the thoracoabdominal motion of professional dancers and compares the breathing patterns between professional dancers and non-dancers. Participants of this study were four male and four female (30.33 ± 4.64 years) professional dancers and four male and four female (22.75 ± 1.49 years) non-dancers. The participants executed two breathing manoeuvres while sitting motionless: quiet breathing (QB) and vital capacity (VC). The 3D coordinates of 32 retro-reflective markers positioned on the trunk were used to calculate the volume of the superior thorax, inferior thorax and abdomen. Principal component analysis was applied in the volume variation of each trunk compartment to search for dominant independent variables in a breathing motion pattern. The correlation coefficient was calculated to verify the coordination between the compartments during the breathing manoeuvres. A predominance of the superior thorax or abdomen movement was found in both groups. The professional ballet dancers have an efficient breathing pattern and maintain the same breathing pattern in QB and VC manoeuvres. On the other hand, the non-dancers group showed relevant changes of the breathing pattern to respond to a greater breathing effort, like in VC.  相似文献   

Introduction – From Denouncing Gender Inequities to Undoing Gender in Education: Practices and Programmes Toward Change in the Social Relations of Gender     

Nelly P. Stromquist  Gustavo E. Fischman 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2009,36(1):463-482

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The Quality of Online and Offline Relationships: The Role of Multiplexity and Duration of Social Relationships     

Gustavo Mesch  Ilan Talmud 《The Information Society》2006,22(3):137-148

Recent studies have shown that adolescents use the Internet not only to maintain social relationships with distant relatives and friends but also to create new relationships online; some of these friendships become integrated into their social circle. Research has focused mainly on the effect of the Internet on existing relationships or the nature of online-only ties, so studies comparing the quality of online and face-to-face relationships are missing. The goal of this study is to bridge this gap. In keeping with previous studies on social association, we argue that the quality of social relationships is dependent on duration and diversity of topics and activities carried together. Time is important, as it facilitates the development of a collective shared history and identity. Intimacy develops through the participation in shared activities and discussion of diverse issues of personal concern. Using a representative sample of the adolescent population in Israel, we find that closeness to a friend is a function of social similarity, content and activity multiplexity, and duration of the relationships. Friendships originated in the Internet are perceived as less close and supportive because they are relatively new and online friends are involved in less joint activities and less topics of discussion. The implications of the findings are discussed.  相似文献   

Electromyographic analysis of lower limb muscles during the golf swing performed with three different clubs     

Sérgio Marta  Luís Silva  João Rocha Vaz  Maria António Castro  Gustavo Reinaldo  Pedro Pezarat-Correia 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(8):713-720

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the EMG patterns of select lower limb muscles throughout the golf swing, performed with three different clubs, in non-elite middle-aged players. Fourteen golfers performed eight swings each using, in random order, a pitching wedge, 7-iron and 4-iron. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded bilaterally from lower limb muscles: tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gluteus maximus, vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. Three-dimensional high-speed video analysis was used to determine the golf swing phases. Results showed that, in average handicap golfers, the highest muscle activation levels occurred during the Forward Swing Phase, with the right semitendinosus and the right biceps femoris muscles producing the highest mean activation levels relative to maximal electromyography (70–76% and 68–73% EMG_MAX, respectively). Significant differences between the pitching wedge and the 4-iron club were found in the activation level of the left semitendinosus, right tibialis anterior, right peroneus longus, right vastus medialis, right rectus femuris and right gastrocnemius muscles. The lower limb muscles showed, in most cases and phases, higher mean values of activation on electromyography when golfers performed shots with a 4-iron club.  相似文献   

Non-linear resistance training reduces inflammatory biomarkers in persons living with HIV: A randomized controlled trial     

Hugo Ribeiro Zanetti  Lucas Gonçalves da Cruz  Camilo Luís Monteiro Lourenço  Fernando de Freitas Neves  Mário Leon Silva-Vergara  Edmar Lacerda Mendes 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1232-1239

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of 12 weeks of non-linear resistance training (NLRT) on anthropometry, muscle strength and inflammatory biomarkers in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (PIHIV). Thirty previously sedentary PIHIVs were randomized into the NLRT (n?=?15) and control (CON, n?=?15) groups. NLRT group were submitted to 12 weeks of training, whereas the CON group maintained their daily habits. At baseline and after 12 weeks, both groups underwent anthropometric evaluations and blood sampling for the analysis of inflammatory biomarkers. Analysis of covariance using preintervention values as covariate was performed to determine the effects of exercise on anthropometry, muscle strength, cytokines levels and T cells. Significance was set at p?p?p p?=?.009), blood levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p?=?.029), IL-6 (p?=?.005), IL-8 (p?=?.010), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p?=?.001) and an increase in muscle strength (p?p?=?.030) and CD4⁺ (p?=?.004) and CD8⁺ (p?相似文献   

An empirical study of scientific production: A cross country analysis, 1981-2002     

Gustavo A. Crespi  Aldo Geuna 《Research Policy》2008,37(4):565-579

This paper presents the results of an econometric approach to examine the determinants of scientific production at cross-country level. The paper aims not to provide accurate and robust estimates of investment elasticities (a doubtful task given the poor quality of the data sources and the modelling problems), but to develop and critically assess the validity of an empirical approach for characterising the production of science and its impact, from a comparative perspective. We employ and discuss the limitations of a production function approach to relate investment inputs to scientific outputs using a sample of 14 countries for which we have information on higher education research and development (HERD). The outputs are taken from the Thomson ISI^® national science indicators (2002) database on published papers and citations. The inputs and outputs for this sample of countries have been recorded for a period of 21 years (1981-2002). A thorough discussion of the data shortcomings is provided. On the basis of this panel dataset we investigate the profile of the time lag between investment in HERD and research output and returns to national investment in science. We devote particular attention to analysing the presence of cross-country spillovers. We show their relevance and underline the international effect of the US system.  相似文献