全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18354篇 |
免费 | 255篇 |
国内免费 | 120篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 12747篇 |
科学研究 | 2230篇 |
各国文化 | 138篇 |
体育 | 1682篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
文化理论 | 187篇 |
信息传播 | 1732篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 146篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 333篇 |
2019年 | 535篇 |
2018年 | 668篇 |
2017年 | 607篇 |
2016年 | 576篇 |
2015年 | 387篇 |
2014年 | 437篇 |
2013年 | 3274篇 |
2012年 | 397篇 |
2011年 | 425篇 |
2010年 | 313篇 |
2009年 | 291篇 |
2008年 | 302篇 |
2007年 | 340篇 |
2006年 | 323篇 |
2005年 | 310篇 |
2004年 | 286篇 |
2003年 | 284篇 |
2002年 | 266篇 |
2001年 | 273篇 |
2000年 | 288篇 |
1999年 | 291篇 |
1998年 | 157篇 |
1997年 | 163篇 |
1996年 | 200篇 |
1995年 | 184篇 |
1994年 | 144篇 |
1993年 | 156篇 |
1992年 | 229篇 |
1991年 | 240篇 |
1990年 | 244篇 |
1989年 | 264篇 |
1988年 | 218篇 |
1987年 | 236篇 |
1986年 | 227篇 |
1985年 | 258篇 |
1984年 | 229篇 |
1983年 | 216篇 |
1982年 | 180篇 |
1981年 | 173篇 |
1980年 | 161篇 |
1979年 | 252篇 |
1978年 | 197篇 |
1977年 | 188篇 |
1976年 | 155篇 |
1975年 | 136篇 |
1974年 | 153篇 |
1973年 | 136篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Perceived health problems in swimmers according to the chemical treatment of water in swimming pools
Álvaro Fernández-Luna Pablo Burillo José Luis Felipe Julio del Corral Jorge García-Unanue Leonor Gallardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(2):256-265
The objective of this study was to determine which chemical treatment used for disinfecting water in indoor swimming pools had the least impact on users' perceptions of health problems, and which generated the greatest satisfaction with the quality of the water. A survey on satisfaction and perceived health problems was given to 1001 users at 20 indoor swimming pools which used different water treatment methods [chlorine, bromine, ozone, ultraviolet lamps (UV) and salt electrolysis]. The findings suggest that there is a greater probability of perceived health problems, such as eye and skin irritation, respiratory problems and skin dryness, in swimming pools treated with chlorine than in swimming pools using other chemical treatment methods. Pools treated with bromine have similar, although slightly better, results. Other factors, such as age, gender, time of day of use (morning and afternoon) and type of user (competitive and recreational), can also affect the probability of suffering health problems. For all of the above, using combined treatment methods as ozone and UV, or salt electrolysis produces a lower probability of perceived health problems and greater satisfaction. 相似文献
162.
Jiří Baláš David Giles Jan Kodejška Michaela Panáčková Simon Fryer 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(7):764-772
This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effect of hand shaking during recovery phases of intermittent testing on the time–force characteristics of performance and muscle oxygenation, and (2) assess inter-individual variability in the time to achieve the target force during intermittent testing in rock climbers. Twenty-two participants undertook three finger flexor endurance tests at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction until failure. Performances of a sustained contraction and two intermittent contractions, each with different recovery strategies, were analysed by time–force parameters and near-infrared spectroscopy. Recovery with shaking of the forearm beside the body led to a significantly greater intermittent test time (↑ 22%, P?.05), force–time integral (↑ 28%, P?.05) and faster muscle re-oxygenation (↑ 32%, P?.05), when compared to the hand over hold condition. Further, the ratio of intermittent to continuous test time distinguished specific aerobic muscular adaptations among sport climbers (2.02), boulderers (1.74) and lower grade climbers (1.25). Lower grade climbers and boulderers produced shorter duration contractions due to the slower development of target force during the intermittent test, indicating worse kinaesthetic differentiation. Both the type of recovery and climbing discipline determined muscle re-oxygenation and intermittent performance in rock climbers. 相似文献
163.
Lee Ingle Ashlie Stephenson Gavin R. Sandercock 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1187-1196
The aim of the study was to compare and contrast habitual physical activity (PA) profiles and muscular fitness in schoolchildren from northern and southern regions of England. Data were collected from two secondary schools in the north east (NE) of England. The study procedures followed methods employed by the East of England Healthy Hearts Study in 10–16-year-old boys and girls based in the south east (SE) region of England and data were compared. Habitual physical activity (PAQ-A), vertical jump test, and hand-grip (HG) strength were assessed. We converted raw scores from all assessments to age- and sex-normalised z-scores. We recruited 597 children (58% boys) in the NE and compared findings to 597 age- and sex-matched boys and girls from the SE. Boys in the SE had significantly stronger HG scores, jumped higher, were more powerful (mean peak power: 2131?W vs. 1782?W; P?0.0001), and reported being more physically active (mean PAQ-A: 2.9 vs. 2.5; P?0.0001) than their male counterparts in the NE. In girls, the opposite trend was evident. Girls from the NE of England had a higher HG score, jumped higher, and were more powerful (mean peak power: 2114?W vs. 1839?W; P?.0001) than their peers from the SE. Regional variations in the habitual PA profiles and muscular fitness of schoolchildren from the SE and NE of England do exist. The systematic surveillance of children’s PA and fitness profiles throughout England would help identify regional inequalities on a larger scale. 相似文献
164.
The present paper focuses on the application of a structured template, maximum impact flow (MIF), in order to encourage young students in the area of optics and optical engineering. MIF introduces a template in terms of individual steps and linked functionality and is shown to fuse separate learning tools together into a cohesive unit. Prioritization and teaching structures are also discussed with the promotion of technology identified as a key factor. 相似文献
165.
#OscarsSoWhite: how Stuart Hall explains why nothing changes in Hollywood and everything is changing
Isabel Molina-Guzmán 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(5):438-454
ABSTRACTStuart Hall’s work on culture, representation, ideology and hegemony positions Hollywood as a cultural institution informed by and informative of US social values and norms. Thus contemporary debates over Hollywood's diversity are indicative of broader social conflicts. Empirically the article examines 2014–2015 news coverage of Hollywood to question the Hollywood paradox—the lack of diversity in film/TV production yet TV’s increasing shift towards on-screen diversity. It maps three discursive frames: Hollywood exceptionalism, economic imperatives, and institutionalized racism and sexism. The article concludes by using Hulu’s East Los High to reflect on TV’s digital turn and innovative models in production and representation. 相似文献
166.
167.
OBJECTIVE: The United States General Accounting Office (United States General Accounting Office [USGAO], 1989) report on out-of-home care affirmed that the foster care system is in crisis. To shed light on some factors that influence retention, the study reported here asked "What factors influence the satisfaction of foster parents?" and "What factors influence the intent of licensed foster parents to continue to foster?" METHOD: A sample of 539 foster parents in eight urban counties in a large Midwestern state completed questionnaires aimed at addressing these questions. RESULTS: Some of the factors exerting the strongest influence on satisfaction were: feeling competent to handle the children who were placed; wanting to take in children who needed loving parents; no regrets about investment in foster children; foster mother's age; and agency social worker providing information and showing approval for a job well done. An example of factors exerting influence on intent to continue to foster include overall satisfaction, readiness to phone the social worker, number of foster boys in the home, being treated like one needed help oneself, and agency affiliation (private). CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to increase the supply of foster homes through recruitment is not enough. The support, training, and professional regard given to parents after they have begun the fostering task is of greater need. Based on analysis of the findings, implications for practice, programming, and policy are offered. 相似文献
168.
169.
170.
Gerald R. Elsworth 《Higher Education》1994,27(2):163-190
Scholarly productivity and the research reputation of academic staff frequently dominate as criteria in the review of higher education courses, disciplines and institutions, a bias which represents a profound hazard for plausible evaluation. Three distinct outcome constructs were identified from analyses of performance indicator data gathered on the accounting discipline in Australia. They were the scholarly productivity of the academic staff involved, the quality of teaching and learning as perceived by students and graduates, and the academic efficiency, in terms of subject completion rates, with which the courses were conducted. Each outcome was shown to be related in a different manner to various characteristics of the courses investigated. The results challenge the orthodox view that scholarly productivity will lead naturally to other desired outcomes of higher education, question the usual surface level interpretation of performance indicators, and suggest that evaluation in higher education might combine connoisseur and performance indicator approaches within the framework of a realist epistemology, placing emphasis on the structures and mechanisms which generate the diverse and distinct outcomes of different courses. 相似文献