Is the Secure Base Phenomenon Evident Here,There, and Anywhere? A Cross‐Cultural Study of Child Behavior and Experts’ Definitions     

German Posada  Ting Lu  Jill Trumbell  Garene Kaloustian  Marcel Trudel  Sandra J. Plata  Paola P. Peña  Jennifer Perez  Susana Tereno  Romain Dugravier  Gabrielle Coppola  Alessandro Constantini  Rosalinda Cassibba  Kiyomi Kondo‐Ikemura  Magaly Nóblega  Ines M. Haya  Claudia Pedraglio  Manuela Verissimo  Antonio J. Santos  Ligia Monteiro  Keng‐Ling Lay 《Child development》2013,84(6):1896-1905

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Implicit overcompensation: The influence of negative self-instructions on performance of a self-paced motor task     

Derek de la Peña  Nicholas P. Murray  Christopher M. Janelle 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1323-1331

Abstract

This study sought to compare the time course changes in oxidative state and glycemic behavior when glucose or glucose plus fructose are consumed before endurance and strength exercise. After two weeks on a controlled diet, 20 physically trained males ingested an oral dose of glucose or glucose plus fructose, 15 min before starting a moderate-intensity 30-min session of endurance or strength exercise. The combination resulted in four randomized interventions: glucose or glucose plus fructose + endurance exercise and glucose or glucose plus fructose + strength exercise, which were implemented consecutively in random order at 1-week intervals. Plasma concentration of lipoperoxides, oxidized LDL, reduced glutathione, catalase and glycemia were determined at baseline, during exercise and acute recovery. Following the ingestion of glucose plus fructose, lipoperoxides, catalase and reduced glutathione depletion were significantly higher than following consumption of glucose, for both endurance and strength exercise (P < 0.05). Oxidized LDL-c was higher after glucose plus fructose than after glucose alone in endurance exercise (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the glycemic peak between glucose plus fructose and glucose ingestion in endurance exercise trials. In strength exercise, the post-absorptive glycemic peak was less when the participants ingested glucose plus fructose than glucose (P < 0.05), and a second peak was found in the recovery phase of this group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of fructose to a pre-exercise glucose supplement triggers oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Height,mass and skeletal maturity of elite Portuguese soccer players aged 11–16 years     

R.M. Malina  M. E. Peña Reyes  J. C. Eisenmann  L. Horta  J. Rodrigues  R. Miller 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):685-693

Height, mass and skeletal maturity (Fels method) were assessed in 135 elite youth soccer players aged 10.7-16.5 years (only two boys were ?11.0 years). Sample sizes, years of training and current weekly training volume by two-year age groups were: 11-12 years ( n = 63), 2.6 - 1.0 years and 4.1 - 1.7 h; 13-14 years ( n = 29), 3.1 - 1.6 years and 4.5 - 1.7 h; 15-16 years ( n = 43), 4.7 - 2.4 years and 6.1 - 2.0 h. The oldest age group included membersof the national youth team.Heights and masses were compared to US reference values,and skeletal age and chronological age were contrasted. The players were also classified as late, average ('on time') and early maturers on the basis of differences between skeletal and chronological age, with the average category including boys with skeletal ages within - 1 year of chronological age. The mean heights and masses of 11- to 12-year-old soccer players equalled the US reference values, while those of players aged 13-14 and 15-16 years were slightly above the reference values. The mean skeletal age approximated mean chronological age in players aged 11-12 years (12.4 - 1.3 and 12.3 - 0.5 years, respectively), while mean skeletal age was in advance of mean chronological age in the two older groups (14.3 - 1.2 and 13.6 - 0.7 years, respectively, in 13- to 14-year-olds; 16.7 - 1.0 and 15.8 - 0.4 years, respectively, in 15- to 16-year-olds). Seven boys in the oldest age group were already skeletally mature and were not included when calculating differences between skeletal and chronological age. The proportion of late maturing boys in this sample of elite soccer players decreased with increasing chronological age. Among 11- to 12-year-old players, the percentages of late and early maturing boys were equal at 21% ( n = 13). Among 13- to 14-year-old players, the percentages of late and early maturing boys were 7% ( n = 2) and 38% ( n = 11) respectively, while among players aged 15-16 years the percentages of late and early maturing boys were 2% ( n = 1) and 65% ( n = 28) respectively. The results of this comparative analysis suggest that the sport of soccer systematically excludes late maturing boys and favours average and early maturing boys as chronological age and sport specialization increase. It is also possible that late maturing boys selectively drop-out of soccer as age and sport specialization increase.  相似文献   

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA     

A. Andrieş 《Higher Education in Europe》1995,20(4):117-123

Independence and transition to a market economy have led to economic decline in the Republic of Moldova. Scientific research directed at sustainable human development is the key to economic renewal. As Moldova must import most of its energy, a major task is to reduce energy consumption through improved energy efficiency. Since the basic source of national wealth is agriculture, the development of derivatives of agriculture, such as the bio‐chemical industries, the pharmaceutical industry, the perfume industry, and the veterinary sciences should be stressed as well as components of information technology in which Moldova has a lead. As the premier research organization of Moldova is its Academy of Sciences founded in 1946, it should channel its best efforts into the economic development of the country through science.  相似文献   

从《艺术课程标准》看高师音乐专业的发展趋势     

罗可曼 《安徽教育学院学报》2003,21(2):113-114,127

国家《艺术课程标准》的颁布实施,极具划时代意义,是造就学生完整素质的有效手段,也必将引发高师艺术类专业教学的新一轮改革。  相似文献   

论梁启超对湖南抢米潮的经济观察     

朱圆满 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2002,31(3):116-122

梁启超对于1910年的湖南抢米风潮，曾从经济学视角作过许多精彩的阐释，是风潮暴发后对其内在机理进行全面而深刻的经济学解析的第一人。他认为风潮的发生有着深刻的时代背景，是各种经济、政治和社会要素综合作用的结果，政府不能采取短视的应对政策。梁启超对风潮所作的经济观察，大部分结论深刻而正确，是其货币财政政府在个案上的成功应用，体现了较高的西方经济学素养，具有不可忽视的理论意义。  相似文献   

A model for Islamic education from Turkey: the Imam-Hatip schools     

İbrahim Aşlamacı  Recep Kaymakcan 《British Journal of Religious Education》2017,39(3):279-292

The aim of this article is to examine the Imam-Hatip schools and their basic features, the characteristic model of Islamic education in Turkey that was proposed as an alternative model for other Muslim countries during their madrasa reform movements in the aftermath of the September 11 events in the USA. In the continuation of the madrasa tradition during the Saljuki period under state supervision, along with the modernisation efforts in education since the late Ottoman period, these schools have been revitalised and adapted to the contemporary conditions of educational institutions. At the foundation of these schools, there lay a notion of reconciliation between the ‘traditional’ and ‘modern’. Throughout the years of the Turkish Republic, these schools have constantly become a controversial issue in terms of their number, structure, and student and alumni profiles. Especially after the opening process of the Turkish people and Turkish foreign policies to the world, the issue has become an international one since the 1980s. After the events of 11 September 2001, these schools were offered as an alternative model for madrasas in Muslim countries and therefore drew international attention to themselves.  相似文献   

Facilitating place-based environmental education through bird studies: an action research investigation     

Özge Keşapli Can  Armağan Ateşkan 《Environmental Education Research》2017,23(5):733-747

This study involved a workshop designed to support biology teachers in conducting birdwatching activities with their students and to promote place-based environmental education in Turkey. The instruments for collecting data were a workshop questionnaire and interviews. The findings revealed that initial response to the workshop was positive; participating teachers reported that the resources and strategies motivated them to conduct bird studies with students. They identified barriers and noted that the place-based education approach might help overcome many of these barriers. After the workshop, it became clear that participants’ initial intentions to integrate birdwatching into their lessons were challenged by lack of confidence and time. To gain deeper insights into the outcomes of the project, the project coordinator used action research strategies to reflect on her practice and reveal implications for her continued efforts to promote bird and environmental education. She kept a journal, used reiterative reflection, and content analysis to analyse workshop evaluations and interviews. The coordinator recognized potentials and challenges for facilitating birdwatching and environmental education as part of her teaching career. This study shares some of her efforts to provide ongoing support and emphasizes that facilitation of environmental education needs time, commitment, and passion.  相似文献   

Translating norms from Europe to Turkey: Turkey in the Bologna Process     

Özge Onursal-Beşgül 《Compare》2017,47(5):742-755

This article focuses on the structural changes Turkish higher education is going through as a result of Turkey’s integration into the European educational space. The focus of the article is the process of policy transfer. For this purpose, the article outlines the changes in Turkish higher education comprehensively to explain the dynamics of the policy transfer. Creation of a national qualifications system and establishment of a quality assurance system are given as examples of policy transfer. The article concludes that while the system is becoming more student-centred, change in higher education is happening in a very top-down fashion, where participation of relevant stakeholders is not ensured.  相似文献   

Student Learning Through Participation in Inquiry Activities: Two Case Studies in Teacher and Computer Engineering Education     

Crina I. Damşa  Monika Nerland 《Vocations and Learning》2016,9(3):275-294

The two case studies reported in this article contribute to a better understanding of how inquiry tasks and activities are employed as resourceful means for learning in higher professional education. An observation-based approach was used to explore characteristics of and challenges in students’ participation in collaborative inquiry activities in two first-year introductory courses in teacher and computer engineering education. The findings highlight that the students’ activities varied with regard to focus and structure and were shaped by the types of inquiry tasks, i.e. case analysis and project-based work, by how the inquiry process was guided and supported and the way the domain-specific knowledge resources and practices were introduced. An exploratory strategy and rather confined use of resources characterised the teacher education students’ inquiry, while collaborative programming, a trial-and-error approach and extensive use of external resources that of the engineering education students’. For the teacher students, the main challenge was to construct meaning of conceptual knowledge and to integrate different forms of knowledge as a lens for analysing practice. The computer engineering students experienced challenges with unpacking the underlying principles and knowledge black-boxed in the widely available resources. The article suggests that future research and curriculum designs should depart from a more refined understanding of inquiry as a learning means, by connecting inquiry activities to the specific knowledge domains, the type of tasks most suited to explore each of this domains and the challenges that may arise for students.  相似文献