Vergleichbarkeit von Abiturleistungen     

Marko Neumann M.A.  Dr. Gabriel Nagy  Univ.-Prof. Dr. Ulrich Trautwein  Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Lüdtke 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2009,12(4):691-714

This article examines differences in the mathematics and English proficiency of academic-track students in Baden-Württemberg (N?=?3526) and Hamburg (N?=?3734), investigating whether and to what extent these differences are reflected in the Abitur grades the students are awarded. The article also examines the extent to which scores in centrally conducted examinations provide better comparability than do coursework grades. Multilevel analyses predicting coursework grades in mathematics revealed clear between-state differences, with students in Hamburg being awarded higher mathematics grades than comparably able students in Baden-Württemberg. These differences are partly attributable to frame of reference effects and their impact on teachers’ grading practices. No corresponding between-state differences were found for English. Mathematics examination scores provided a much better measure of student achievement than mathematics coursework grades. The findings are discussed in terms of meritocratic access to sought-after university and training places.  相似文献   

Pedagogic strategies supporting the use of Synchronous Audiographic Conferencing: A review of the literature     

Sara de Freitas  Tim Neumann 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(6):980-998

Synchronous audiographic conferencing (SAC) refers to a combination of technologies for real-time communication and interaction using multiple media and modes. With an increasing institutional uptake of SAC, users require an understanding of the complex interrelations of multiple media in learning scenarios in order to support pedagogic-driven planning and effective use of the tool. This paper provides a review of recent literature that explores the pedagogic strategies used to underpin practical uses of SAC for the benefit of learners especially in non-standard contexts such as distance education. The paper reports on approaches from practitioner-oriented perspectives as well as approaches based on educational theory, notably the community of inquiry model, task design and multimodal models of cognition, meaning and interaction. The main features of these models were extracted to provide both a synthesis for future work on dedicated pedagogic models for SAC and a resource for practitioners wanting to link SAC with educational theory.  相似文献   

Explicit promotion of experimental skills. And what about the content-related skills?     

Britta Kalthoff  Heike Theyssen  Nico Schreiber 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(11):1305-1326

Experimental skills should be acquired by learners at school and university alike. To promote experimental skills, various approaches exist within a spectrum between implicit and explicit instruction. Regarding these instructional approaches, numerous findings are available which predominantly relate to pupils. It is an open question whether it is better to instruct experimental skills explicitly or implicitly in university courses. And if experimental skills are fostered explicitly, what about the content-related skills? Especially in teaching programmes with both experiment-related and content-related objectives, it is questionable whether content-related objectives are achieved to a lesser degree via explicit instruction of experimental skills. Both questions are addressed in this paper. We present an intervention study involving 144 students. All students carry out the same experiments. The intervention groups differ merely in the degree of explicit instruction. Learning gains in experimental and content-related skills are assessed in a pre-/post-test design. The results show that the type of instruction does not significantly influence the acquisition of experimental and content-related skills in this target group. But by trend, the expected differences in learning gains can be observed. This leads to new research perspectives and implications for teaching which are discussed.  相似文献   

Kieferchirurgische Operationsplanung mit Hilfe von Techniken der virtuellen Realit?t     

Dirk Siebert  Patrick Neumann  Armin Schulz  Gabriele Faulkner  Thomas Tolxdorff 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,4(3):93-102

Für ein vollst?ndig computergestütztes Planungssystem zum Zwecke der kieferchirurgischen Operationsplanung ist die Bereitstellung von virtuellen Werkzeugen für den Chirurgen eine grundlegende Voraussetzung. Ausgehend von den Volumendaten mit Sch?del- und Kieferknochen des Patienten erm?glicht ein einfaches Interface unter Verwendung einer geeigneten Visualisierung und haptischer Eingabeger?te die interaktive Definition und Manipulation einzelner virtueller Knochensegmente. Wir haben moderne kraftrückgekoppelte Ger?te aus dem Niedrigpreisbereich eingebunden und auf ihre F?higkeit untersucht, das dreidimensionale Verst?ndnis im Planungsproze?durch Anlehnung an die Vorg?nge bei der chirurgischen Prozedur zu erh?hen. Durch diese Eingabeger?te ist es m?glich, die Knochensegmentierung für eine Osteotomie des Unterkiefers intuitiver und schneller durchzuführen. Die definierten Teilvolumina ergeben zusammen mit ihrer r?umlichen Neuanordnung auf Grundlage einer kephalometrischen Analyse einen Operationsplan. Nach erfolgter Planung werden die Planungsergebnisse in den Operationssaal übertragen. Die intraoperativen Techniken beinhalten die Visualisierung der Planungsergebnisse, die Steuerung der Anwendung über Sprache und die Bestimmung der Patientenposition mittels eines elektromagnetischen 3D-Trackingsystems.  相似文献   

Algebraic query optimization for distributed top-k queries     

Thomas Neumann  Sebastian Michel 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,17(1):197-211

Distributed top-k query processing is increasingly becoming an essential functionality in a large number of emerging application classes. This paper addresses the efficient algebraic optimization of top-k queries in wide-area distributed data repositories where the index lists for the attribute values (or text terms) of a query are distributed across a number of data peers and the computational costs include network latency, bandwidth consumption, and local peer work. We use a dynamic programming approach to find the optimal execution plan using compact data synopses for selectivity estimation that is the basis for our cost model. The optimized query is executed in a hierarchical way involving a small and fixed number of communication phases. We have performed experiments on real web data that show the benefits of distributed top-k query optimization both in network resource consumption and query response time.  相似文献   

Learning Achievement and Motivation in an Out-of-School Setting—Visiting Amphibians and Reptiles in a Zoo Is More Effective than a Lesson at School     

Stephanie Wünschmann  Peter Wüst-Ackermann  Christoph Randler  Christian Vollmer  Heike Itzek-Greulich 《Research in Science Education》2017,47(3):497-518

Interventions in out-of-school settings have been shown in previous studies to be effectively increase students’ science knowledge and motivation, with mixed results on whether they are more effective than teaching at school. In this study, we compared an out-of-school setting in a reptile and amphibian zoo (Landau, Germany) with a sequence of classroom teaching and a control group without teaching on the topic. We compared learning at school (School) and out-of-school learning (Reptilium), which were tested in a randomized field setting with a focus on knowledge and motivation. Sixty-five elementary students participated in either the School group, Reptilium group or control group. We measured knowledge on the topics reptiles and amphibians with a newly developed two-factorial test, calibrated with item response theory, before the intervention, immediately afterwards (posttest) and 2 weeks later (follow-up). Motivation was measured immediately after the intervention. Data analyses were performed using SPSS and Mplus. We conclude that the two interventions appeared highly superior to the control group and that the out-of-school setting in the Reptilium was more effective than the school-only program. Concerning motivation, perception of choice was higher in the Reptilium than in the School group. There were gender-by-treatment interaction effects for knowledge in the posttest and follow-up, for perceived competence and for pressure/tension. Concerning knowledge, boys performed better in the School group than girls but this gender gap was not significant in the Reptilium group. Boys perceived themselves as more competent in the School group while girls reported less pressure/tension in the Reptilium group. In conclusion, encountering living animals in a formal zoo learning arrangement is encouraged in primary school since it supports self-determination (free choice), leads to higher achievement and closes gender disparities in achievement.  相似文献   

Short-term slackline training improves task-specific but not general balance in female handball players     

Steffen Ringhof  Nina Zeeb  Stefan Altmann  Rainer Neumann  Alexander Woll  Thorsten Stein 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):557-566

Slackline training has been shown to improve balance and neuromuscular performance. However, recent studies suggested that balance is task-specific, implying that transferability of balance skills is limited and might depend on the similarity of the tasks. This study therefore investigated if short-term slackline training could improve performance in balance tasks that are either more or less similar to the trained slackline task. Furthermore, we assessed potential transfer effects to other neuromuscular performance tests.

25 female handball players (23.7?±?3.9 years) participated in our study and were matched to either a slackline training (SLT; n?=?14) or a control group (CON; n?=?11). The intervention comprised 12 sessions with overall 120 minutes of slackline training using single and double slacklines. Slackline standing time and measures of dynamic and static balance were assessed before and after the intervention, as well as power and sprint-related performance parameters.

Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA found a significant group?×?time interaction for slackline standing time, indicating larger training effects for SLT. For the remaining dynamic and static balance tests, no significant interactions were found. With regard to neuromuscular performance, there was a significant group?×?time interaction only in change of direction.

In essence, the study showed that slackline training induced task-specific balance improvements without affecting general balance. This adds further evidence to the task-specificity principle of balance, although the specificity of the sample as well as the briefness of the intervention should be taken into account when generalizing our findings. Nonetheless, this study contains practical implications for team sports interventions and future balance training studies, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate balance exercises to yield rapid and the desired training outcomes.  相似文献   

The efficiency of German public theaters: a stochastic frontier analysis approach     

Anne-Kathrin Last  Heike Wetzel 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2010,34(2):89-110

In recent years the economic performance of public non-profit sectors such as cultural services has become an interesting economic issue. This is due to the high dependence of cultural institutions on public funding on the one hand and the increasing cost-pressure on public budgets on the other hand. In order to achieve an efficient, cost-minimizing resource allocation public authorities who decide on the distribution of public budgets need reliable performance indicators. Against this background, this paper analyzes the efficiency of German public theaters for the seasons 1991/1992–2005/2006. Using a stochastic frontier analysis approach, we test whether the assumption of cost-minimizing behavior is reliable in this sector. Moreover, several panel data models that differ in their ability to account for unobserved heterogeneity are applied to evaluate the impact of unobserved heterogeneity on the efficiency estimates. The results indicate that the cost-minimizing assumption cannot be maintained. Consequently, an efficiency analysis based on a cost function approach seems inappropriate in the case of German public theaters. Further, we find a considerable unobserved heterogeneity across the theaters, which causes a significant variation in the models’ efficiency estimates. This implies that failing to account for unobserved heterogeneity leads to biased efficiency values. Overall, our results suggest that there is still space for improvement in the employment of resources in the sector.  相似文献   

Meinprof.de – Portal zur Ausübung des "vornehmensten Menschenrechts"?     

Sybille Neumann 《Zeitschrift für Hochschulrecht, Hochschulmanagement und Hochschulpolitik: zfhr》2009,8(5):139-148

Der nachfolgende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, welche rechtlichen Grenzen für die über Internetportale erfolgende Verbreitung von Kritik an Hochschuldozenten bestehen. Dabei wird das Portal meinprof.de in den Blick genommen, auf dem Studierende ihre Dozenten und deren Veranstaltungen bewerten und kommentieren k?nnen. überprüft wird die Zul?ssigkeit der Verbreitung der Kritik und Kommentare am Ma?stab des deutschen und europ?ischen Rechts. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich zwar auf den deutschen Rechtskreis, die behandelte Frage ist wegen des Bestehens des vergleichbaren Portals meinprof.at und der Aknnüpfungen an internationales Recht aber von generellem Interesse. Die rechtliche Beurteilung solcher Plattformen h?ngt davon ab, welche Bedeutung man den Pers?nlichkeitsrechten im Verh?ltnis zur Meinungsfreiheit beimisst. Die Verfasserin pl?diert dafür, den Schutz des allgemeinen Pers?nlichkeitsrechts zu st?rken.  相似文献   

The Use of Schema Theory in Learning,Design, and Technology     

Kalianne L. Neumann  Theodore J. Kopcha 《TechTrends》2018,62(5):429-431

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