Weltkongreß für Soziologie in Toronto/Canada vom 18.–24. 8. 1974     

G. Lüschen 《Sportwissenschaft》1974,4(4):420-422

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Datenbank-Caching - Eine systematische Analyse m?glicher Verfahren     

Theo H?rder  Andreas Bühmann 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,17(4):2-16

Caching ist ein bewährtes Mittel, um die Skalier- und Verfügbarkeit von Systemen zu steigern sowie die Latenzzeit für Benutzeranforderungen zu verkürzen. Im Gegensatz zum Web-Caching, bei dem einzelne Web-Objekte irgendwo längs ihres Aufrufpfades in der Proxy-Kette vorgehalten werden, setzt Datenbank-Caching ausgewachsene Datenbanksysteme als Caches ein, um dort Satzmengen entfernter Datenbanken möglichst adaptiv verwalten und Anfragen darauf auswerten zu können. Verfahren dazu reichen von separat verwalteten materialisierten Sichten über überlappende, aber replikationsfrei gespeicherte Sichten bis hin zu Cache-Groups, in denen parametrisierte Cache-Constraints den Cache-Inhalt spezifizieren. Wir untersuchen anschaulich die verschiedenen Ansätze und ermitteln daraus eine Klassifikation, die den Lösungsraum zu enthüllen hilft. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Konzept der Prädikatsvollständigkeit: Ein Datenbank-Cache verwaltet vollständige Extensionen von Prädikaten, was ihm ermöglicht, Schlüsse über beantwortbare Anfragen zu ziehen.  相似文献   

Back to Basics A Philosophical Critique of Constructivism     

Irzik  Gürol 《Science & Education》2000,9(6):621-639

Science &; Education -  相似文献   

西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布     

应俊生  洪德元 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1978,16(1):48-60

    本文讨论了西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布。     1．根据小带间植物种类相似系数情况，将波密古乡地区南、北坡划成八个植物垂直带     (图1)。        2．描述了七个不同性质的植物群落。各群落分布与水热条件之间的相互关系如图2所     示。    3．由于不同水热条件的影响，各植被带间在植物种数上的差异是比较显著的(表3)。  相似文献   

Creative conflict     

Heiner Müller-Merbach 《知识管理研究与实践》2004,2(2):129-130

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The relativity revolution from the perspective of historical epistemology     

Renn J 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2004,95(4):640-648

This essay analyzes Einstein's relativity revolution as part of a long-term development of knowledge in which the knowledge system of classical physics was reorganized in a process of reflection, described here as a "Copernican process." This process led in 1905 to the introduction of fundamentally new concepts of space, time, matter, and radiation. On the basis of an extensive historical reconstruction, the heuristics of Einstein's creation of the general theory of relativity, completing the relativity revolution, is interpreted as a further transformation of the knowledge of classical physics, starting from conceiving gravitation as a borderline problem between field theory and mechanics. The essay thus provides an answer to the puzzle of how Einstein was able to create a theory capable of accounting for a wide range of phenomena that were discovered only much later.  相似文献   

Fief and benefice feudalism. Two types of academic autonomy in US chemistry     

Oliver Wieczorek  Stephanie Beyer  Richard Münch 《Higher Education》2017,73(6):887-907

In this article, we apply Max Weber’s ideal types of fief and benefice feudalism to elite and non-elite chemistry departments in the USA. We develop a theoretical analogy of academic feudalism in regard to three dimensions: power relations, engagement with companies, and the impact of structural changes on the autonomy of scholars. We use a mixed methods approach to track changes in productivity and industrial collaboration on a departmental level and the researcher’s understanding of research autonomy on the individual level. On the departmental level, our findings suggest that scholars located at elite departments are able to utilize federal and industrial resources to increase publications over time. On the individual level, we establish that researchers in both segments perceive their autonomy as being very high, whereas practical autonomy differs according to department. While scholars at elite departments remain relatively autonomous in practice, scholars at non-elite departments often tend to tailor their research to specific requirements to receive funding.  相似文献   

Restricting skyline sizes using weak Pareto dominance     

Wolf Tilo Balke  Ulrich Güntzer  Wolf Siberski 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2007,13(2):165-178

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Investigation on influencing factors of 5-HMF content in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schisandra</Emphasis>   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Xu Q  Li YH  Lü XY 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(6):439-445

In order to investigate the influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde （5-HMF） content in Schisandra, confirm the theory of 5-HMF deriving mainly from Schisandra processing course, and give some suggestions about the Schisandra processing method, the 5-HMF contents in decoctions of Schisandra under different heating temperature, decocting time, soaking time, processing methods and treatment with different solvents before decocting the Schisandra were measured by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that there is great difference of 5-HMF level in decoctions from differently processed Schisandra and unprocessed Schisandra; decocting time of 60 rain has some effects on 5-HMF level in decoctions and there is certain quantity 5-HMF in processed Schisandra itself and very little 5-HMF in unprocessed Schisandra. Heating time, heating temperature and treating solvents all have effect on 5-HMF level in decoction of Schisandra. 5-HMF in Schisandra was mainly from processing course. Both long heating time and high heating temperature can increase 5-HMF level in Schisandra. The production of 5-HMF in Schisandra may have some relationships with some polar components, which can dissolve in water, ethanol and acetone, especially in ethanol. To control processing temperature, processing time and treatment with some solvent is very important for controlling 5-HMF level in Schisandra.  相似文献   

The role of intuition in pedagogical tact: Educator views     

Gerbert Sipman  Jürg Thölke  Rob Martens  Susan McKenney 《British Educational Research Journal》2019,45(6):1186-1202

Pedagogical tact concerns a teacher's ability to adequately handle complex classroom situations that require immediate action. As such, pedagogical tact can be viewed as an enactment of teachers’ intuition. While most teachers, teacher educators, educational leaders and scholars readily recognise the importance of pedagogical tact (and by extension, intuition), few pre-service or in-service programmes devote explicit attention to developing this important teacher quality. This study set out to understand why. Specifically, data were collected to investigate how educators perceive intuition, and its role in teacher pedagogical tact. Ten focus group discussions were held with school board members, teacher educators, school principals, in-service teachers and pre-service teachers. Participants recognised two types of intuition commonly described in the literature (local and nonlocal), and affirmed the importance of intuition for teacher pedagogical tact. These educators also noted that teachers are rarely if ever encouraged to make conscious use of their intuition, let alone develop it. There was consensus that teachers differ in how well they are able to tune into their intuition. Though the scale of the study is small, the findings suggest that more attention should be given to developing teacher intuition and pedagogical tact than is currently the case.  相似文献