Pluralism,social action and the causal space of human behavior     

James Tabery  Alex Preda  Helen Longino 《Metascience》2014,23(3):443-459

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How to conduct External Quality Assessment Schemes for the pre-analytical phase?     

Gunn B.B. Kristensen  Kristin Moberg Aakre  Ann Helen Kristoffersen  Sverre Sandberg 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2014,24(1):114-122

In laboratory medicine, several studies have described the most frequent errors in the different phases of the total testing process, and a large proportion of these errors occur in the pre-analytical phase. Schemes for registration of errors and subsequent feedback to the participants have been conducted for decades concerning the analytical phase by External Quality Assessment (EQA) organizations operating in most countries. The aim of the paper is to present an overview of different types of EQA schemes for the pre-analytical phase, and give examples of some existing schemes. So far, very few EQA organizations have focused on the pre-analytical phase, and most EQA organizations do not offer pre-analytical EQA schemes (EQAS). It is more difficult to perform and standardize pre-analytical EQAS and also, accreditation bodies do not ask the laboratories for results from such schemes. However, some ongoing EQA programs for the pre-analytical phase do exist, and some examples are given in this paper. The methods used can be divided into three different types; collecting information about pre-analytical laboratory procedures, circulating real samples to collect information about interferences that might affect the measurement procedure, or register actual laboratory errors and relate these to quality indicators. These three types have different focus and different challenges regarding implementation, and a combination of the three is probably necessary to be able to detect and monitor the wide range of errors occurring in the pre-analytical phase.  相似文献   

Sub-nanomolar detection of thrombin activity on a microfluidic chip     

Nam Cao Hoai Le  Murat Gel  Yonggang Zhu  Jian Wang  Helen Dacres  Alisha Anderson  Stephen C. Trowell 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(6)

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a form of Förster resonance energy transfer. BRET has been shown to support lower limits of detection than fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) but, unlike FRET, has not been widely implemented on microfluidic devices for bioanalytical sensing. We recently reported a microscope-based microfluidic system for BRET-based biosensing, using a hybrid, high quantum-efficiency, form of BRET chemistry. This paper reports the first optical fiber-based system for BRET detection on a microfluidic chip, capable of quantifying photon emissions from the low quantum-efficiency BRET² system. We investigated the effects of varying core diameter and numerical aperture of optical fibers, as well as varying microfluidic channel design and measurement conditions. We optimized the set-up in order to maximize photon counts and minimize the response time. The optimized conditions supported measurement of thrombin activity, with a limit of detection of 20 pM, which is lower than the microscope-based system and more than 20 times lower than concentrations reported to occur in plasma clots.  相似文献   

The Folklore of Wall Street Gamesmanship,Gurus, and the Myth-Making Process     

Arthur G. Neal  Helen L. Youngelson 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1988,11(1):55-62

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Parental education in Cyprus: Past,present and future     

Helen Phtiaka 《International Studies in Sociology of Education》2013,23(1):95-107

The article examines the history of parental education in Cyprus from its beginnings in the 1960s until the present day, in the wider context of Cypriot history and education. It considers the three main forums of parental education in the country, the Pancyprian School for Parents, the Adult Education Centres of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the University of Cyprus, which roughly coincide with the past, the present and the future of parental education on the island. The article comments on the development of the teaching philosophy and approach in the area of parental education, namely from a passive teacher centred traditional didactic model to a more dynamic participatory partnership.  相似文献   

The duality of scientific ethos: Deep and surface structures     

Helen Constantinides 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(1):61-72

Aristotle's concept of ethos is primarily one based on civic duty, and as such loses its specificity when extended to the scientific forum. By adapting Aristotle's traditional concept of ethos to contemporary social norms of science, a link can be established between classical theory and contemporary practice. In this essay, I use Robert Merton's theory of the normative conditions of science to perform a meta‐critique of the use of ethos in four case studies. This meta‐analysis reveals the dual structure of ethos as reflected in a surface structure of style and a deep structure of argument.  相似文献   

Takeoff Variations in the Standing Broad Jump     

Helen Eckert 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):143-145

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Girls' Entry into Higher Secondary Sciences     

Helen Hatchell 《Gender and education》1998,10(4):375-386

Numerous reports since the 1970s showed that there was a great concern about the lack of female students entering the sciences in Australia. Despite these concerns, there still appears to be a reluctance on the part of females to enter the sciences. This article draws on research conducted with Year 10 students within the Perth metropolitan area and examines the effects of encouragement as perceived by these female students. A qualitative methodological approach was utilised, where perceptions were compiled from individual in-depth interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and through participatory observation in the classrooms. This study has been reported from a feminist position which locates gender as central and which posits that human subjects are positioned and position themselves in a multiplicity of ways through the discourses to which they have access. This study showed that encouragement played a major part in the way female students actively positioned themselves in the science classroom as high achievers. These students also spoke out against fitting into the feminine 'mould' of being quiet and hard-working. The way they positioned themselves was influential in these female students' choice to continue with sciences into the higher secondary level and ultimately into further education and possibly a career.  相似文献   

Strategies for Encouraging Peer Interactions in Infant/Toddler Programs     

Helen E. Hagens 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1997,25(2):147-149

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Decoding the phonics screening check          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine A. Darnell  Jonathan E. Solity  Helen Wall 《British Educational Research Journal》2017,43(3):505-527

The statutory ‘phonics screening check’ was introduced in 2012 and reflects the current emphasis in England on teaching early reading through systematic synthetic phonics. The check is intended to assess children's phonic abilities and their knowledge of 85 grapheme–phoneme correspondences (GPCs) through decoding 20 real words and 20 pseudo words. Since the national rollout, little attention has been devoted to the content of the checks. The current paper, therefore, reviews the first three years of the check between 2012 and 2014 to examine how the 85 specified GPCs have been assessed and whether children are only using decoding skills to read the words. The analysis found that out of the 85 GPCs considered testable by the check, just 15 GPCs accounted for 67% of all GPC occurrences, with 27 of the 85 specified GPCs (31.8%) not appearing at all. Where a grapheme represented more than one phoneme, the most frequently occurring pronunciation was assessed in 72.2% of cases, with vocabulary knowledge being required to determine the correct pronunciation within real words where multiple pronunciations were possible. The GPCs assessed, therefore, do not reflect the full range of GPCs that it is expected will be taught within a systematic synthetic phonics approach. Furthermore, children's ability to decode real words is dependent on their vocabulary knowledge, not just their phonic skills. These results question the purpose and validity of the phonics screening check and the role of synthetic phonics for teaching early reading.  相似文献