TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY SERVICE     

Karl R. Stolz Ph.D. 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(5):333-335

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Parental Reports of Children’s Scale Errors in Everyday Life     

Karl S. Rosengren  Isabel T. Gutiérrez  Kathy N. Anderson  Stevie S. Schein 《Child development》2009,80(6):1586-1591

Scale errors refer to behaviors where young children attempt to perform an action on an object that is too small to effectively accommodate the behavior. The goal of this study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of scale errors in everyday life. To do so, the researchers collected parental reports of children’s (age range = 13–21 months at onset) scale errors over a 6‐month period. All but 1 of the parents (N = 30) reported at least 1 scale error with an average of 3.2 scale errors per child. These results suggest that most, if not all, children commit scale errors during early childhood.  相似文献   

A cross-national comparison of perceived strategic importance of RFID for CIOs in Germany and Italy     

Stefanie Leimeister  Jan Marco Leimeister  Uta Knebel  Helmut Krcmar 《International Journal of Information Management》2009

Purpose

Drawing from literature on innovation, strategy and culture the objective of this study is to explore the role of perceived potentials and perceived strategic importance on CIOs’ perspective on RFID technology in two different cultural settings.

Methodology

Based on survey responses from 463 German and 157 Italian IT decision makers we analyzed the data with PLS structural equation modeling.

Findings

We show that perceived potentials of RFID influence the perceived strategic importance which positively influences CIOs’ intention to invest in RFID. The composition of perceived potentials affecting the strategic importance of RFID differs significantly in both cultures. In Germany, potentials attributed to RFID are improving quality, automating manpower, reducing counterfeits, and improving customer service. Italian CIOs value reducing stock inconsistencies, optimizing stock keeping, and improving customer service as RFID potentials. Regardless of culture, findings show that company size hardly has impact on perceived strategic importance.

Originality/value

This research shows on a large empirical basis cultural differences in the perception of RFID in two countries using PLS.  相似文献   

American Association for Health,Physical Education,and Recreation     

Matthew J. Barnes  Jeremy Fraser  Karl Coley  Blake G. Perry 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):504-510

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether post-resistance exercise (REx) blood flow restriction (BFR) can elicit a similar acute training stimulus to that offered by either heavy REx or traditional low-load BFR REx. Method: Ten men completed trials with 30% one-repetition maximum (1RM) for 5 sets of 15 repetitions without BFR (30%), with BFR during exercise (30% RD), and with postexercise BFR (30% RP) and at 75% 1RM for 3 sets of 10 repetitions. Lactate and cortisol were measured before and up to 60 min after exercise. Thigh circumference, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and pain were measured before and after exercise. Surface electromyography was measured during exercise. Results: All conditions had a large effect (effect size [ES] > 0.8) on lactate, with the largest effects observed with the 75% condition; no differences were observed between the 30% conditions. All conditions had a moderate effect (ES > 0.25 ≤ 0.4) on increasing thigh circumference. This effect was maintained (ES = 0.35) with the application of BFR after REx (30% RP). Change in RPE, from the first to last set, was significantly greater with 30% RD compared with other conditions (all p < .05). Electromyography amplitude was higher and percentage change was greater for the 75% condition compared with the other conditions (both p < .05). Conclusions: The application of BFR immediately post-REx altered several of the responses associated with REx that is aimed at inducing muscular hypertrophy. Additionally, these changes occurred with less pain and perceived exertion suggesting that this form of REx may offer an alternative, tolerable method of REx.  相似文献   

惩罚性损害赔偿的欧洲视角     

Helmut Kozio  巫乐庭 《培训与研究》2009,26(5):78-84

这可能是不正确的,正如Sebok所指出的那样,惩罚性赔偿赔偿在美国早期的侵权法中主要是补偿性的功能,如美国最高法院在Cooper IndustriesInc案中所宣传的……首先,惩罚性赔偿的基础是对特定民事权利的侵害,此民事权利有别于完全被补偿性赔偿所纠正的民事权利体系。运用这一原则到我们的问题,我们得出如下结论：即使有很强的证据对被告人实施制裁,如果原告没有受到相应的损害,也没有对被告提出不当得利请求,那么这些证据不能单独证明原告有优势。……撇开惩罚性赔偿与私法的基本原则的不一致的事实,其也显示出一些另外的缺陷。……Colby称之为“总的损害”的惩罚性赔偿金：有可能一些受害者将获得旨在惩罚不法行为的整个计划的惩罚性损害赔偿金,从而导致不公正处罚的累积……一些欧洲的法律制度允许某些团体代表受害者的利益进行禁止令的申请和补偿的请求。  相似文献   

Access to Higher Education in Germany: The Career of an Issue     

Helmut de Rudder 《Higher Education in Europe》1999,24(4):567-581

After the Second World War, the widening of access to higher education became a central issue of higher education policy in all developed countries. Over recent decades, most of them have experienced an unprecedented expansion of higher education access, which is a matter of creating equal educational opportunities and also of assuring economic growth. This article analyzes the development of access to higher education in Germany in the transnational context of the issue and, at the same time, considers the specific German situation and its development. After more than thirty years of expansion, widening access even further is no longer the problem. Questions of quality, efficiency, and funding have come to the fore of German higher education policy.  相似文献   

An integrated model for organizational change     

William W. Lee  Karl J. Krayer 《Performance Improvement》2004,43(7):22-26

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Introduction     

Jean-françois Rouet  Pierre Dillenbourg  Karl Steffens  Herre van Oostendorp 《Instructional Science》1999,27(3-4):197-199

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Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on forest biomass fractions     

Renfei Chen  Jinzhi Ran  Weigang Hu  Longwei Dong  Mingfei Ji  Xin Jia  Jingli Lu  Haiyang Gong  Muhammad Aqeel  Shuran Yao  Lizhe An  Jin-Sheng He  Karl J Niklas  Jianming Deng 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(10)

The extent to which key factors at the global scale influence plant biomass allocation patterns remains unclear. Here, we provide a theory about how biotic and abiotic factors influence plant biomass allocation and evaluate its predictions using a large global database for forested communities. Our analyses confirm theoretical predictions that temperature, precipitation, and plant height and density jointly regulate the quotient of leaf biomass and total biomass, and that they have a much weaker effect on shoot (leaf plus stem) biomass fractions at a global scale. Moreover, biotic factors have larger effects than abiotic factors. Climatic variables act equally on shoot and root growth, and differences in plant body size and age, as well as community species composition, which vary with climate in ways that drown out the variations in biomass fractions. The theory and data presented here provide mechanistic explanations of why climate has little effect on biomass fractions.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

William W. Brickman  Willy Strzelewicz  William Taylor  Joachim H. Knoll  Mark Blaug  Oskar Anweiler  Andreas Fuchs  Gilda L. de Romero Brest  Alberto Aráoz  Wolfgang Brezinka  Enrique Oteiza  W. F. Connell  Robert J. Havighurst  Daniel F. Wozniak  Wolfgang Roth  Karl Frey  Alfons Otto Schorb 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1970,16(2):221-249

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