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Drake D. Duane MD 《Annals of dyslexia》2002,52(1):25-42
Norman Geschwind had a profound effect on behavioral neurology, not only on the basis of his research and theories expressed
during his lifetime, but also through the impact that he had on colleagues privileged to train under him or have their work
personally influenced by him. My work falls into the latter category. Novel associations between brain function/structure
and behavior characterized his professional contributions, and offer a model for those who follow in his footsteps. He correctly
predicted that like aphasic disorders, developmental dyslexia might be associated with deficits in color naming expressed
currently as deficits in Rapid Automatized Naming. He stimulated anatomic research regarding patterns of asymmetry and microscopic
architecture leading to the establishment of the Orton Dyslexia Neuropathology Laboratory at Beth Israel Hospital, Boston.
He predicted an association between autoimmune disorders and reading disorders, an association that proved to be of genetic
origin. He further predicted that reading disorders, like language disorders, would be cross-cultural and, similarly, their
mechanism of production would be cross-cultural, although affected perhaps by the structure of the language to be learned.
His suspicion that the clinical impression of male gender preponderance in dyslexia was accurate and carried biologic significance
has recently been reconfirmed by colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Finally, with respect to dyslexia,
one should not be surprised that since affect is influenced by brain architecture, developmental disorders characterized by
altered brain architecture might be associated with affective or other psychiatric phenomena. My own work suggests that the
altered neuroanatomy in dyslexia may be accompanied by altered clinical neurophysiology, offering the possibility that in
some developmental disorders, behaviors, including academic aptitude and cognitive function, might benefit from medications
designed originally to lower the risk of clinical seizures. Perhaps Geschwind’s greatest lesson is to not assume that all
we have been taught as dogma is truth. Rather, we must have a willingness to make clear perceptions and draw conclusions that
come closer to the reality of the causal relationship between brain and behavior. 相似文献
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Loel Kim Amanda J. Young Robert A. Neimeyer PhD Justin N. Baker MD Raymond C. Barfield 《Technical Communication Quarterly》2013,22(3):335-357
Viewing “informing” as a process to protect patients and support autonomy, we undertook a user-centered design process to develop online support for informed consent in pediatric Phase I research trials. Challenges included (a) delivering accurate information to people unfamiliar with medical terminology; (b) delivering this information humanely under time constraints and heightened emotions; (c) allowing users control over the information, while ensuring availability of legally required information. We addressed these challenges through analyses of audience, task, and information design. 相似文献
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N. Ananth Ganesh B. Balaji D. M. Vasudevan MD FRC Vivian D’Souza Ashalatha V. Rao Dinesh Nambiar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(2):126-128
In a pilot study with five oral cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) three were given Granulocyte Macrophage Colony
Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) as a protective agent to reduce the mucosal inflammation during radiotherapy. The myeloperoxidase
(MPO) enzyme activity in WBC was quantitated. The three patients showed a significant increase in the MPO activity when compared
with two untreated controls indicating the efficacy of GM-CSF as a protective agent. It is suggested that further detailed
studies with larger number of patients would be useful. 相似文献
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M. Verwijnen MD Tj. Imbos MA H. Snellen MD B. Stalenhoef MD M. Pollemans MD S.v. Luyk MD 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》1982,7(3):225-244
The extensive scheme for both formative and summative assessment of medical students established at a new new medical school is described and discussed. The establishment of multi‐disciplinary project groups and the involvement of educationalists and psychometricians are unique features of the project. The wide range of testing procedures, including self‐assessment units, indicate the complexity of an evaluation program which attempts to cover ALL the competency domains relevant to medicine. The revelation of the incongruence of the program with the educational philosophy of the school shows the necessity for involvement of “consumers” in such programs. 相似文献
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Monique L’Hoir PhD Susanne Tetteroo BSc Magda Boere-Boonekamp MD PhD Elly Kloeze MSc Ingrid Bakker PhD Francisca Galindo Garre PhD Prof. Dr. Roland Naul 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(2):116-123
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the possible relationship between (un)healthy behaviour and (over)weight and physical condition in families with young children (4–7 years), in a village (30,000 inhabitants) in the eastern part of the Netherlands, close to Germany. It is one of two pilot studies as a precursor of a cross-border project including six Dutch and six German villages, to counteract physical inactivity and possible future metabolic problems. In total, 459 children of five elementary schools and their parents were included. Parents were requested to fill in a questionnaire on the nutritional, physical, sedentary, and sleeping behaviour of their child. Relevant background characteristics were obtained and lifestyle classifications were made. At school, the children's height and weight (body mass index (BMI)) were measured, as well as their physical condition (two tests) and basic motor abilities (four physical exercise tests). The relationship between the standardized BMI z-scores and physical condition test scores, and nutritional, physical, sedentary and sleeping habits was analysed using independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of people based on their nutritional, physical and sleep habits. Of the parents, 376 (82?%) were willing to fill out the questionnaire. High birth weight and a high BMI of the mother and/or father correlated with a higher BMI of the child (ρ?=?0.28, p?<?0.001; ρ?=?0.13, p?=?0.016; and ρ?=?0.23, p?<?0.001, respectively). Daily playing outside, eating small cookies (compared with large cookies) and no sleeping problems (no waking up during the night) were related to low BMI levels (no overweight) [ρ?=???0.14, p?=?0.005; ρ?=???0.12, p?=?.020; t(364)?=?1.81, p?=?0.072 (trend), respectively]. Daily playing outside (frequency and duration) and being a member of a sports club were related to positive scores on the physical condition tests [ρ?=?0.20, p?<?0.001; t(365)?=???2.99, p?=?0.003, respectively]. High levels of television (TV) watching and general sleeping problems were related to a less optimal physical condition [ρ?=???0.09, p?=?0.076 (trend); and ρ?=???0.10, p?=?0.059 (trend), respectively]. A latent class analysis revealed three clusters: 46?% of the sample belonged to the ‘healthy group’ concerning nutrition, sedentary lifestyle and TV/personal computer (PC) use; 17?% to the ‘less healthy’ group and 37?% to a group with nutrition and physical activity habits close to the healthy group, but with low conditional probabilities for the sleeping items. Conducting a pilot study before the start of a binational intervention study gives a blueprint for the final questionnaire, and clues for tailored interventions in the schools, as proposed in the approach of ‘Gesunde Kinder in gesunden Kommunen’ (GKGK). The results of a latent class analysis underscore that interventions should exist of a multi-component strategy, focusing on promoting physical activity, healthy nutrition habits and appropriate sleep. 相似文献