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81.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF HIGHER EDUCATION RESTRUCTURING IN BULGARIA DURING THE 1978‐1987 PERIOD
Ivan Nikolov 《Higher Education in Europe》1987,12(4):49-55
The concept of reform according to which the restructuring of the Bulgarian higher education system considered as a dynamic open system and as a product of the country's social development, is based on the discussions, relative to the restructuring of the educational system, that took place between 1978 and 1987. The changes in the concept of educational models, those of higher education included, not only reflect the results of social development but embody a new position arising from the requirements of scientific and technological revolution. The latter have transformed education from a result into a cause and have thus conditioned the rate of social and economic development. The author thus attempts to relate the evolution of the concept through its different stages. He points out some specific problems and decisions which characterize the complexity and the outlooks of the decision. 相似文献
82.
Selçuk Uygun 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2008,36(4):291-307
This study discusses the impact of John Dewey (1859–1952) on Turkey's teacher education system. In so doing, it heavily relies on the commissioned report “The Report and Recommendation on Turkish Education” prepared by Dewey in 1924. This paper documents Dewey's ideas about teacher education in Turkey and analyses their take up in practice. Based on the research findings, it could be argued that Dewey had a considerable impact on the transformation of teacher education system in Turkey. His most visible impact was best observed in the policies and practices in the training of village teachers. The Village Institutes Project, launched in the early 1940s to introduce a model specific to Turkey, was extensively based on Dewey's recommendations. In the Republican Era, Dewey's ideas and thoughts on education have been eagerly observed and implemented by Turkish authorities, who have openly recognised his competence and authority in the field of education. His impact on Turkish education system is still visible as the present policy makers make reference to his works. 相似文献
83.
Ivan L. Pitt 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2010,34(3):219-236
This paper examines the economic accomplishments of individual members in a Performing Rights Organization (PRO), sometimes
referred to as a Performing Rights Society. Today, there is the growing importance of intellectual property and copyright
protection for authors and creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic and other intellectual works. The digital age
has placed added pressure on songwriters, lyricists and composers in their ability to derive economic benefits from their
intellectual creativity in the form of a copyright. Copyright laws protect and enable the creation of music by allowing authors and composers to license the control and use
of their creations, and receive compensation in the form of royalty payments for their work. The PROs license, collect and
distribute royalty payments for non-dramatic public performances of copyrighted musical works created and owned by its members or affiliates. In this paper, skewness and heavy tail of returns
in the form of member royalty payments are estimated using the skew-normal and skew-t distributions in a parametric approach. We found strong evidence of the so-called ‘superstar effect’ in which the average
royalty payment made by a PRO is still dominated by extreme outcomes, and relatively few members earned a substantial share
of royalty payments from blockbuster hits that have endured over time. There is little evidence of smaller niche members dominating
or replacing the ‘superstars.’ Economists and others will benefit from this empirical study which emphasizes a new understanding
of the music industry from a PRO, member royalty payment and performance copyright perspective. 相似文献
84.
Ivan Putnam Jr. 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2013,99(4):500-507
85.
Milena Z. Zivkovic Sasa Djuric Ivan Cuk Dejan Suzovic 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(13):1287-1293
A range of force (F) and velocity (V) data obtained from functional movement tasks (e.g., running, jumping, throwing, lifting, cycling) performed under variety of external loads have typically revealed strong and approximately linear F–V relationships. The regression model parameters reveal the maximum F (F-intercept), V (V-intercept), and power (P) producing capacities of the tested muscles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of agreement between the routinely used “multiple-load model” and a simple “two-load model” based on direct assessment of the F–V relationship from only 2 external loads applied. Twelve participants were tested on the maximum performance vertical jumps, cycling, bench press throws, and bench pull performed against a variety of different loads. All 4 tested tasks revealed both exceptionally strong relationships between the parameters of the 2 models (median R = 0.98) and a lack of meaningful differences between their magnitudes (fixed bias below 3.4%). Therefore, addition of another load to the standard tests of various functional tasks typically conducted under a single set of mechanical conditions could allow for the assessment of the muscle mechanical properties such as the muscle F, V, and P producing capacities. 相似文献
86.
For decades, debates over medical curriculum reform have centred on the role of science in medical education, but the meaning
of ‘science’ in this domain is vague and the persistence of the debate has not been explained. Following Bourdieu, this paper
examines struggles over legitimate knowledge and the forms of capital associated with science in contemporary UK medical education.
Data are presented from a study of two UK medical schools, one with a traditional, science-oriented curriculum, another with
an integrated curriculum. Constructions of legitimate knowledge were explored at both schools through six months participant
observation, interviews with faculty members (n=15) and students (n=37) and documentary analysis. Findings show that medical
schools compete for both scientific and clinical capital, but ultimately science has greater legitimacy. ‘Science’ is defined
in accordance with the structure of the traditional curriculum and has become a symbolic resource – a mark of distinction
for both medical schools and medical students – which is equated with clinical competence. The significance of science is
circumscribed by the medical education field, yet the struggles for scientific capital there have ramifications beyond medical
education itself. It is argued that Bourdieu’s concepts are particularly useful tools for studying the meanings that science
takes on outside of the scientific field. 相似文献
87.
The paper questions some of the premises in studying academic spin-offs in developed countries, claiming that when taken as
characteristics of ‘academic spin-offs per se,’ they are of little help in understanding the phenomenon in the Eastern European
countries during the transitional and post-transitional periods after 1989. It argues for the necessity of adopting a path-dependent
approach, which takes into consideration the institutional and organisational specificities of local economies and research
systems and their evolution, which strongly influence the patterns of spin-off activity. The paper provides new findings and
original arguments in support of Balazs’ seminal theses (Balazs 1995, 1996) about the emergence of academic spin-offs during the early transition. It reveals key economic and policy mechanisms bearing
on academic entrepreneurship in Eastern Europe, such as the tensions between economic and political nomenclatures of former
Communist Parties, where the dismantling or preservation of the power of political nomenclature resulted in different patterns
of development—rapid reforms in the ‘first wave’ of EU accession countries or the establishment of rent-seeking and assets-stripping
economies in countries like Bulgaria and Romania, making the transition period especially difficult. In the latter, a specific
economic environment emerged, unknown in Western Europe and in the ‘champions’ of transition—such as suppression of the authentic
entrepreneurship in a number of economic sectors, disintegration of corporate structures, etc. Thus, the paper reveals the
common ground behind the two conflicting tendencies in post-socialist academic spin-offs, partially outlined in other research
(Simeonova 1995; Pavlova 2000): as an authentic form of academic entrepreneurship grasping the opportunities opened up by the economic crisis and compensating
failures in science and technology policy on the one hand, and as specific rent-seeking strategy draining valuable public
assets on the other (the latter, in turn, boosting the negative attitudes in local scientific communities). The paper provides
new findings about the evolution of the academic spin-offs in Bulgaria along the two polar trends and their positive and negative
repercussions on parent research institutions. The results were achieved in the PROKNOW Project, EC 6th Framework Program. 相似文献
88.
Ivan K. Farrell Kastro M. Hamed 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2017,49(3-4):161-181
Utilizing a correlational research design, we sought to examine the relationship between the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of in-service teachers and student achievement measured with each individual teacher's Value-Added Model (VAM) score. The TPACK survey results and a teacher's VAM score were also examined, separately, with respect to teacher attributes. Upon examination of VAM scores and teacher attributes, the subject area, the percentage of economically disadvantaged students at the teacher's school, and the grade level of the teacher were all significantly related to VAM scores. In addition, the TPACK survey results overall and its constructs were examined with teacher attributes. The significant relationships were gender, subject area, the number of certifications, highest degree held by the teacher, years teaching, and teaching in/out of area. The analysis showed no significant relationship between a teacher's VAM score and the TPACK survey overall or its individual constructs. 相似文献
89.
90.
Probabilistic topic models are unsupervised generative models which model document content as a two-step generation process, that is, documents are observed as mixtures of latent concepts or topics, while topics are probability distributions over vocabulary words. Recently, a significant research effort has been invested into transferring the probabilistic topic modeling concept from monolingual to multilingual settings. Novel topic models have been designed to work with parallel and comparable texts. We define multilingual probabilistic topic modeling (MuPTM) and present the first full overview of the current research, methodology, advantages and limitations in MuPTM. As a representative example, we choose a natural extension of the omnipresent LDA model to multilingual settings called bilingual LDA (BiLDA). We provide a thorough overview of this representative multilingual model from its high-level modeling assumptions down to its mathematical foundations. We demonstrate how to use the data representation by means of output sets of (i) per-topic word distributions and (ii) per-document topic distributions coming from a multilingual probabilistic topic model in various real-life cross-lingual tasks involving different languages, without any external language pair dependent translation resource: (1) cross-lingual event-centered news clustering, (2) cross-lingual document classification, (3) cross-lingual semantic similarity, and (4) cross-lingual information retrieval. We also briefly review several other applications present in the relevant literature, and introduce and illustrate two related modeling concepts: topic smoothing and topic pruning. In summary, this article encompasses the current research in multilingual probabilistic topic modeling. By presenting a series of potential applications, we reveal the importance of the language-independent and language pair independent data representations by means of MuPTM. We provide clear directions for future research in the field by providing a systematic overview of how to link and transfer aspect knowledge across corpora written in different languages via the shared space of latent cross-lingual topics, that is, how to effectively employ learned per-topic word distributions and per-document topic distributions of any multilingual probabilistic topic model in various cross-lingual applications. 相似文献