心路历程--流逝的岁月     

Dr.Robert S.Herman 《海外英语》2003,(6):4-5

Old age gives us the privilege to explore, to innovate, to challenge.Dear Friends,This is our twelfth monthly column and the first-year anniversary of our conversation together in the pages of Overseas English. We call this a milestone in English. Is there a Chinese word for it?I would like to begin our column with one of my own poems.  相似文献   

Failure to obtain value enhancement by within-trial contrast in simultaneous and successive discriminations     

Arantes J  Grace RC 《Learning & behavior》2008,36(1):1-11

The present research tested the generality of the “work ethic“ effect described by Clement, Feltus, Kaiser, and Zentall (2000). In Experiment 1, we trained 10 pigeons on a pair of either simultaneous or successive discriminations. One discrimination followed a high-effort requirement (20 pecks to the center key) and the other followed a low-effort requirement (1 peck). Contrary to Clement et al.’s results, we found that preferences between the S⁺ and S⁻ stimuli in transfer tests depended on the event that initiated the trial: Pigeons preferred the stimulus from the baseline discrimination whose initiating event was most dissimilar from that preceding the test trial. Preferences were similar but less extreme in the successive condition. In Experiment 2, we investigated whether test preferences depended on the amount of training. A total of 12 pigeons were trained on a pair of simultaneous discriminations, except that test sessions were scheduled after every three baseline sessions. Preferences increased across test sessions but were similar to those in Experiment 1. Together with Vasconcelos, Urcuioli, and Lionello-DeNolf (2007a), our study represents a second failure to replicate Clement et al.’s work ethic effect. The finding that preference depends on the event that initiates the test trial suggests that choice probes may not provide unambiguous assessments of stimulus value.  相似文献   

世界范围的师范教育问题——环球十六国师范教育考察     

霍华德B.莱维特  刘振汉 《新疆教育学院学报》1992

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为大学毕业生开设的速成本科护理课程与传统护理课程学生成绩的比较     

McDonaldW.K!英  周红波 《复旦教育论坛》1996,(2)

由于技术进步,经济波动,护理短缺,护理患者所需知识的增加,人们对新的护理教育模式更感兴趣。目前美国各地许多护理院校已采取了各种不同模式的学士后护理教育,大致有三种新的模式:对非护理学院毕业生的护理学士学位课程,普通硕土学位课程和护理博士学位课程。作者对新旧两种护理学士学位课程的学生进行了比较,发现新模式培养的学生在护理成绩和注册护士考试通过率方面明显高于传统模式教育的学生。  相似文献   

克鲁普斯卡娅论儿童阅读的教育作用     

Л.В.托多罗夫  杨进 《教育理论与实践》1983,(4)

在新的社会主义社会条件下,苏联教育学解决了许多尖锐的、有碍于培养和教育劳动人民和正在成长中的一代人的社会矛盾。文化革命消除了广大劳动人民目不识丁的状况,初等义务教育和七年制义务教育的彻底实现,使广大人民群众都能享受包括文学作品在内的世界文化成就。作为一位教育家——马克思主义者,克鲁普斯卡娅认为,科学以及建立在世界历史经验基础上的理论知识,是人类的最高成就。她提出,要全面地、经常  相似文献   

加拿大住家保姆计划     

Prof.Dr.James  C.Jordan 《出国与就业》2001,(8)

作为加拿大住家保姆的资格 专门的加拿大住家保姆计划的目的是:当没有足够的加拿大人去从事这个工作时,引入外国人到加拿大做住家保姆工作。 当申请成功者接到加拿大雇佣授权,允许他们到加拿大作住家保姆的工作,到加拿大后,三年内必须完成两年这样的雇佣,才能向加拿大  相似文献   

Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks     

Qin Z  Su GL  Yu Q  Hu BM  Li J 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(5):418-426

INTRODUCTION Dynamics of carbon and water vapor fluxesexchange between the atmosphere and the ecosystembiosphere, depend on complex and non-liner interplayamong physiological, ecological, biochemical andedaphic factors and meteorological conditions (Jarvis,1995; Leuning et al., 1995). There are many studiesquantifying the fluxes across different time and spacescales as well as assessing the environment con-straints on them by some kinds of biophysical orempirical models whose resul…  相似文献   

英国《化学习题精选》(一)     

J.R.L.Swain  J.S.Charke  张伟敏 《化学教学》1981,(4)

《化学习题精选》是英国中学化学教师为学生提供复习和提高作业质量而编的。它的特点有:1.围绕题目编成一系列短小的问题。这些问题系按照英国现用的教材结构编写的;由浅入深,由易到难,逐步引导学生的学习兴趣;可在课内外用作讨论或练习之用。2.作者将各小题划分为三种类型:(1)知识性(以K表示),理解性(以C表示)及综合性(以H表示)。每小题都注明评分标准,用以了解学生的知识水平和分析问题、解决问题的能力。本书共有一百题,我们根据我国中学化学教学大纲的内容选译部分习题,供教师们参考、选用。选译习题中也略有超我国教材水平的,可作因材施教之用。习题的后面,附有用数字回答问题的答案。  相似文献   

教师专业化与教师应对教育改革的能力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leslie N.K.Lo  卢乃桂  梁雁 《开放教育研究》2007,13(2):9-14

本文论述的是中国教育改革发展变化过程中的教师专业化问题,所以提出这一问题的背景,是联合国教科文组织讨论了“全民教育”的各项活动和中国教育改革.当前教育改革的目的,在于提高个体和全民发展的能力.因此,教育质量成为人们日益关注的重要问题.教师的工作职能是要推动教育改革的各项措施得到实施.本文认为,“信息时代”的要求和“知识经济”的兴起,使人们对人才的特点有了新的理解,也证实了在教育儿童和青少年成为未来工作者和公民方面存在的不足.综观中国教育改革,它是一个被迫出现的过程,导致学校对教育改革的反应不灵敏.教师作为专业人员,应该支持改革,但是他们的效能还是存在一定的问题.本文进一步认为,中国教师当前面临的主要问题是不具备应对改革的能力.有关研究表明,教师工作的本质及其关注的问题与教育改革的预期大相径庭.这一问题即使通过行政命令、在职培训、或者投入更多的教育资源也难以解决.本文认为,进行全面改革的同时,要改革学生评价和选拔制度,从文化和社会层面上来思考教师职业,树立新的教师专业发展理念.  相似文献   

Deafness, language skills, and rehearsal: a model for the development of a memory strategy     

Bebko J  Metcalfe-Haggert A 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》1997,2(3):131-139

We review a series of studies that evaluate the role of developing language skills as a prerequisite to spontaneous rehearsal use in deaf populations. We propose a theoretical model that summarizes the contribution of language skills by highlighting the interrelations among age, language proficiency, and automatized language skills. In an initial test of the model, an index of deaf children's language experience was found to be an almost complete mediator of strategy use. Increasing language proficiency, therefore, was implicated as a critical variable in predicting children's spontaneous rehearsal use, minimizing any direct contribution from age per se. In a more direct assessment of the link between general language proficiency and rehearsal use, pragmatic language skills (as measured by the Language Proficiency Profile: LPP-I) were found to be a nearly complete mediator of rehearsal use, with the remaining contributions of age and language experience being nonsignificant. Language proficiency, therefore, was identified as a strong and necessary prerequisite for rehearsal to be used spontaneously as a memory strategy. The additional hypothesis that the automatization of these general language skills, measured by a rapid automatized naming task (RAN), contributes to spontaneous rehearsal was also evaluated. Automatized language emerged as a partial mediator of the language proficiency → rehearsal use relation but additional language-processing variables were implicated. We discuss these findings as they relate to issues around the nature of language proficiency and the identification of those automatized language skills involved in rehearsal.  相似文献