The Criterion-Related Validity of the Sit and Reach Test: Replication and Extension of Previous Findings     

Allen Jackson  Nancy Jane Langford 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):384-387

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the stability and consistency of the Caltrac accelerometer (Hemokinetics, Madison, WI) and an activity record to assess physical activity in children and adults (Experiment 1), and (b) to determine if there is a relationship between parents and their children in physical activity level (Experiment 2). Thirty 5–9-year-old children and their biological parents wore Caltrac accelerometers for three consecutive days (including one weekend day). At the same time, parents completed a Caltrac Activity Record (CAL REC) for themselves and their child. Dependent variables were counts per day for the Caltrac and minutes of light activity and activity for the CAL REC. Between-day correlations for the Caltrac ranged from r = .73 to .87 for the parents (p < .001) and from r = .38 (p < .04) to .79 (p < .001) for the children. An analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated no significant differences for the Caltrac between days for parents and children. Between-day correlations for CAL REC ranged from r = .67 to .91 (p < .05) for parents and r = .36 to .72 (p < .05) for children, and there were no significant differences between days. In Experiment 2, χ² analyses were used to examine familial resemblance in physical activity. Using the Caltrac, familial resemblance occurred in 67% (father and child) and 73% (mother and child) of the families. Using the CAL REC, familial aggregation was present in 70% (father and child) and 66% (mother and child) of the families. Thus, children of active and less active parents exhibited physical activity patterns similar to their parents.  相似文献   

The Effect of Head Position on Sit and Reach Performance     

Joe F. Smith  Carolyn V. Miller 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):84-85

Abstract

This paper compares the prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse among 660 Norwegian elite female athletes and an age-matched control sample of non athletes. It also explores differences in the prevalence of harassment and abuse in sport and work or school settings and compares harassment and abuse perpetrated by male authority figures and peers in these different contexts. No differences were found between the athletes and controls in overall prevalence of sexual harassment or abuse. However, the athletes experienced significantly more harassment from male authority figures than did the controls. Based on these results, the article considers whether or not sport offers women any particular immunity from sexual harassment and abuse. The implications of the findings for structural and cultural change in sport are discussed.  相似文献   

The effect of knee angle on the external validity of isometric measures of lower body neuromuscular function     

Samuele Marcora  Marilyn K. Miller 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):313-319

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying knee angle (120° and 90°) on the external validity of an isometric leg press test with reference to vertical jump performance. Isometric peak force (PF 120 and PF 90 ), rate of force development (RFD 120 and RFD 90 ), and maximum height reached with a squat jump and counter-movement jump were measured in 14 males. Although RFD 120 was significantly correlated with squat jump and counter-movement jump performance ( r = 0.71 and 0.69), and the correlations with PF 120 approached statistical significance ( r = 0.53 and 0.50), neither PF 90 nor RFD 90 was significantly related to vertical jump performance. Furthermore, although both RFD 120 and PF 120 were significantly different between the best five and the worst five jumpers, RFD 90 and PF 90 did not differentiate between individuals' vertical jump performance. We conclude that the choice of joint angle affects the external validity of isometric strength testing. Based on our results, we recommend accurate control of biomechanical specificity and assessment at different angles to find the position at which isometric strength testing is most comfortable.  相似文献   

Effects of external loading on power output in a squat jump on a force platform: A comparison between strength and power athletes and sedentary individuals     

Tarak Driss  Tarak Driss  Henry Vandewalle  Jacques Quièvre  Christian Miller  Hugues Monod 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):99-105

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of external loading on power output during a squat jump on a force platform in athletes specializing in strength and power events (6 elite weight-lifters and 16 volleyball players) and in 20 sedentary individuals. Instantaneous power was computed from time-force curves during vertical jumps with and without an external load (0, 5 or 10 kg worn in a special vest). The jumps were performed from a squat position, without lower limb counter-movement or an arm swing. Peak instantaneous power corresponded to the highest value of instantaneous power during jumping. Average power throughout the push phase of the jump was also calculated. A two‐way analysis of variance showed significant interactions between the load and group effects for peak instantaneous power ( P < 0.01) and average power ( P < 0.001). Peak instantaneous power decreased significantly in sedentary individuals when moderate external loads were added. The peak instantaneous power at 0 kg was greater than that at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary individuals. In contrast, peak instantaneous power was independent of load in the strength and power athletes. Mean power at 0 kg was significantly lower than at 5 kg in the athletes; at 0 kg it was significantly higher than at 10 kg in the sedentary males and at 5 and 10 kg in the sedentary females. In all groups, the force corresponding to peak instantaneous power increased and the velocity corresponding to peak instantaneous power decreased with external loading. The present results suggest that the effects of external loading on peak instantaneous power are not significant in strength and power athletes provided that the loads do not prevent peak velocity from being higher than the velocity that is optimal for maximal power output.  相似文献   

Relationship between household literacy and educational engagement: Analysis of data from Rajkot district, India     

Amita Chudgar  Karyn Miller  Brij Kothari 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2012,58(1):73-89

Household engagement in a child??s education is a complex process; depending on the culture and the context, it may be revealed through a variety of behaviours. Using data from one district in rural Gujarat, India, four indicators of a household??s educational engagement were employed to investigate the relationship between household literacy levels and the household??s engagement in the education of its child members. The findings on educational engagement were also compared across households with different wealth and income levels. Uniformly, indicators of household literacy levels were found to be more important in understanding a household??s educational engagement than a household??s wealth and income levels.  相似文献   

A longitudinal examination of childhood maltreatment and adolescent obesity: results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) Study     

Shin SH  Miller DP 《Child abuse & neglect》2012,36(2):84-94

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Cyberbullying: through the eyes of children and young people     

Melanie Jane Ackers 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2012,28(2):141-157

The topic of cyberbullying is raising international debate and concern. Through the development and dissemination of a questionnaire 12 student researchers were supported in surveying 325 UK students across Years 7, 8 and 9 to gain further knowledge of this area, in relation to children and young people. Results were analysed and comparisons made between gender and age, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the area of cyberbullying and its many elements. Conclusions acknowledge that bullying has entered a “digital era” and professionals and adults require the knowledge and skills to help young people to further understand the issues involved and to protect themselves in this area.  相似文献   

I. INTRODUCTION     

Peggy J. Miller  Heidi Fung 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2012,77(1):1-14

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II. STUDYING PERSONAL STORYTELLING IN TAIPEI AND LONGWOOD     

Heidi Fung  Peggy J. Miller  Shumin Lin  Eva Chian‐Hui Chen 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2012,77(1):15-27

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Preparing MSW Students for Social Work Licensure: A Curricular Case Example     

J. Jay Miller  Erlene Grise-Owens  Laura Escobar-Ratliff 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(3):296-316

Licensing has been a dynamic tension for the social work profession for many years, specifically in social work education. Increasingly, social work programs are using factors related to social work licensing (pass rates, number of test takers, etc.) as an indicator of programmatic success. Yet few, if any, published papers examine curricular innovations designed to prepare students for social work licensing exams. This article describes the initiative that one MSW program implemented to address licensing preparedness. After a brief overview of social work licensing, this article describes the contextual rationale, implementation, and evaluation of the Licensing Preparation Initiative (LPI). Since its inception in spring 2011, LPI data suggest that students are more knowledgeable about the process for applying to sit for the exam and the content areas of the exam, more prepared to take the social work licensing exam, and more confident in their ability to pass the social work licensing exam once they graduate. This article concludes with specific strategies and resources for designing a curricular initiative to address licensing preparedness.  相似文献