The influence of crank rate on peak oxygen consumption during arm crank ergometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Smith PM  Price MJ  Doherty M 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(12):955-960

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of three imposed crank rates on the attainment of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and other physiological responses during incremental arm crank ergometry. Twenty physically active, although non-specifically trained, males volunteered for the study. They completed an exercise protocol using an electrically braked arm ergometer (Lode Angio, Groningen, Netherlands) at crank rates of 60, 70 and 80 rev x min(-1). The order of tests was randomized and they were separated by at least 2 days. Peak VO2 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 70 and 80 rev x min(-1) than at 60 rev x min(-1). Peak ventilation volume increased as a function of crank rate and was higher (P < 0.05) at 80 than at 60 rev x min(-1). Peak heart rate was higher (P < 0.05) at 70 and 80 rev x min(-1) than at 60 rev x min(-1). Furthermore, 70 and 80 rev x min(-1) resulted in an extended test time compared with 60 rev x min(-1). The greater physiological responses observed during the tests at the two faster crank rates might have been the result of a postponement of acute localized neuromuscular fatigue, allowing for more work to be completed. We recommend, therefore, that an imposed crank rate between 70 and 80 rev x min(-1) should be used to elicit VO2peak and other physiological responses in arm crank ergometry.  相似文献   

Methodological considerations for researchers and practitioners using pedometers to measure physical (ambulatory) activity     

Tudor-Locke CE  Myers AM 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(1):1-12

Researchers and practitioners require guidelines for using electronic pedometers to objectively quantify physical activity (specifically ambulatory activity) for research and surveillance as well as clinical and program applications. Methodological considerations include choice of metric and length of monitoring frame as well as different data recording and collection procedures. A systematic review of 32 empirical studies suggests we can expect 12,000-16,000 steps/day for 8-10-year-old children (lower for girls than boys); 7,000-13,000 steps/day for relatively healthy, younger adults (lower for women than men); 6,000-8,500 steps/day for healthy older adults; and 3,500-5,500 steps/day for individuals living with disabilities and chronic illnesses. These preliminary recommendations should be modified and refined, as evidence and experience using pedometers accumulates.  相似文献   

Energy expenditure relative to perceived exertion: stationary cycling versus treadmill walking     

Katsanos CS  Cheuvront SN  Haymes EM 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(2):176-181

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Relationship of blood cholesterol to body composition, physical fitness, and dietary intake measures in third-grade children and their parents     

Hopper CA  Gruber MB  Munoz KD  MacConnie SE  Pfingston YM  Nguyen K 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(2):182-188

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Through the years: a longitudinal study of physical education teachers from a research-based preparation program     

Woods AM  Lynn SK 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2001,72(3):219-231

This study investigated factors that enhanced and constrained the career development of six teachers, who had graduated from the same university teacher education program, in their induction years (Woods & Earls, 1995) and again later in their career cycles. Three participants were physical education teachers (PETs), and three were former physical education teachers (FPETs). Fessler's (1985) Teacher Career Stage Model provided the theoretical framework. Data sources were: interviews with teachers and their teacher educators and direct observations of lessons. Results indicated that the PETs continued to have skill development as their primary teaching objective. The teachers maintained many of their teaching skills, and shifted between the career cycles of "competency building" and "enthusiastic and growing." All three FPETs left their physical education positions during the career frustration stage and at the time of publication were in the career exit stage.  相似文献   

Functional brain development in infants: elements of an interactive specialization framework     

Johnson MH 《Child development》2000,71(1):75-81

One future direction for cognitive development research involves a closer integration with our knowledge about the developing brain. I present a framework for analyzing and interpreting postnatal functional brain development in human infants. Three specific hypotheses contribute to this framework, within which a variety of phenomena associated with the neural basis of perception and cognition in normal and abnormal development can be characterized.  相似文献   

Some thoughts about resilience versus positive development, main effects versus interactions, and the value of resilience   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Roosa MW 《Child development》2000,71(3):567-569

Interaction effects are the defining feature of resilience and resilience research and are responsible for the unique contributions of this field of study to our understanding of human development. The methodological and statistical challenges posed by interaction effects do not, by themselves, undermine the value of resilience as a construct.  相似文献   

Historical and future trends in studying the development of long-term retention     

Howe ML 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2000,65(4):205-213

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A key bridge to understanding the development of thinking and problem solving     

Daehler MW 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2000,65(2):97-105

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A two-year experience teaching computer literacy to first-year medical students using skill-based cohorts     

Gibson KE  Silverberg M 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》2000,88(2):157-164

Because it is widely accepted that providing information online will play a major role in both the teaching and practice of medicine in the near future, a short formal course of instruction in computer skills was proposed for the incoming class of students entering medical school at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. The syllabus was developed on the basis of a set of expected outcomes, which was accepted by the dean of medicine and the curriculum committee for classes beginning in the fall of 1997. Prior to their arrival, students were asked to complete a self-assessment survey designed to elucidate their initial skill base; the returned surveys showed students to have computer skills ranging from complete novice to that of a systems engineer. The classes were taught during the first three weeks of the semester to groups of students separated on the basis of their knowledge of and comfort with computers. Areas covered included computer basics, e-mail management, MEDLINE, and Internet search tools. Each student received seven hours of hands-on training followed by a test. The syllabus and emphasis of the classes were tailored to the initial skill base but the final test was given at the same level to all students. Student participation, test scores, and course evaluations indicated that this noncredit program was successful in achieving an acceptable level of comfort in using a computer for almost all of the student body.  相似文献