Avoidance of interspecific mating in female Syrian hamsters is stronger toward familiar than toward unfamiliar heterospecific males     

delBarco-Trillo J  Johnston RE 《Learning & behavior》2011,39(3):239-244

Adult Syrian hamster females (Mesocricetus auratus) learn to discriminate against familiar heterospecific males (Turkish hamster, M. brandti). We investigated whether females learn to avoid any heterospecific male after exposure to just one heterospecific male. We predicted that, after being exposed to one heterospecific male, a female would avoid mating not only with that familiar male but also with any unfamiliar heterospecific male. We exposed females to a heterospecific male across a wire-mesh barrier for 8 days and then paired the female with (a) that same heterospecific male or (b) an unfamiliar heterospecific male. Females exhibited lordosis faster and for a longer duration toward the unfamiliar than toward the familiar heterospecific male. However, females were similarly aggressive toward familiar and unfamiliar heterospecific males. Perhaps exposure to stimuli from several heterospecific males (a likely scenario in the wild) would result in females behaving similarly toward familiar and unfamiliar heterospecific males.  相似文献   

Development of self-efficacy towards using alternative assessment scale     

Serkan Buldur  Nilgün Tatar 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(3):485-495

Determining the candidate teachers’ opinions regarding self-efficacy towards alternative assessment will be beneficial in that this will improve their competencies while using these approaches in their applications within the classroom. In this article, the development and validation of the “Self-efficacy towards Using Alternative Assessment Scale” (SUAAS) is introduced. The SUUAS is a 26-item scale for assessing candidate teachers’ self-efficacy towards using alternative assessment. Data collected from 424 candidate teachers provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the scale. The results provide evidence for a valid and reliable self-efficacy scale with 3 factors, which are named as “Self-efficacy towards Using”, “Self-efficacy towards Challenges” and “Self-efficacy towards Using Sources”. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the entire scale has been found as 0.89, while those of the sub-factors are 0.88, 0.86 and 0.71, respectively. Followed by additional validation studies, the SUAAS will serve as a valuable tool for both instructors and researchers in education to assess teachers’ and candidate teachers’ beliefs related to their self-efficacy towards using alternative assessment approaches.  相似文献   

Conception, development and implementation of an e-Government maturity model in public agencies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gonzalo Valdés^{Author Vitae}  Mauricio SolarAuthor VitaeHernán AstudilloAuthor Vitae  Marcelo IribarrenAuthor VitaeGastón ConchaAuthor Vitae  Marcello ViscontiAuthor Vitae 《Government Information Quarterly》2011,28(2):176-187

Governments worldwide are encouraging public agencies to join e-Government initiatives in order to provide better services to their citizens and businesses; hence, methods of evaluating the readiness of individual public agencies to execute specific e-Government programs and directives are a key ingredient in the successful expansion of e-Government. To satisfy this need, a model called the eGovernment Maturity Model (eGov-MM) was developed, integrating the assessment of technological, organizational, operational, and human capital capabilities, under a multi-dimensional, holistic, and evolutionary approach. The model is strongly supported by international best practices, and provides tuning mechanisms to enable its alignment with nation-wide directives on e-Government. This article describes how the model was conceived, designed, developed, field tested by expert public officials from several government agencies, and finally applied to a selection of 30 public agencies in Chile, generating the first formal measurements, assessments, and rankings of their readiness for e-Government. The implementation of the model also provided several recommendations to policymakers at the national and agency levels.  相似文献   

关于我国高校图书馆适应Web2.0环境的障碍分析——基于高校学生的调查访问     

陈新元  司莉 《图书馆学研究》2011,(3):89-95

针对Web2.0在我国图书馆领域应用不够广泛的问题,笔者对高校学生(分为图书情报专业学生与非图书情报专业学生)进行抽样调查与访问,从理论上分析图书馆总体不适应Web2.0环境的因素,在实际应用中总结用户对Web2.0/图书馆2.0的了解程度、对具体技术使用率低的原因,以及对图书馆运用Web2.0的态度等,进而提出切实可行的对策。  相似文献   

Effects of treadmill running and fatigue on impact acceleration in distance running     

José Antonio García-Pérez  Salvador Llana Belloch  Ángel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas  Daniel Sánchez-Zuriaga 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(3):259-266

The effects of treadmill running on impact acceleration were examined together with the interaction between running surface and runner's fatigue state. Twenty recreational runners (11 men and 9 women) ran overground and on a treadmill (at 4.0 m/s) before and after a fatigue protocol consisting of a 30-minute run at 85% of individual maximal aerobic speed. Impact accelerations were analysed using two lightweight capacitive uniaxial accelerometers. A two-way repeated-measure analysis of variance showed that, in the pre-fatigue condition, the treadmill running decreased head and tibial peak impact accelerations and impact rates (the rate of change of acceleration), but no significant difference was observed between the two surfaces in shock attenuation. There was no significant difference in acceleration parameters between the two surfaces in the post-fatigue condition. There was a significant interaction between surface (treadmill and overground) and fatigue state (pre-fatigue and post-fatigue). In particular, fatigue when running overground decreased impact acceleration severity, but it had no such effect when running on the treadmill. The effects of treadmill running and the interaction need to be taken into account when interpreting the results of studies that use a treadmill in their experimental protocols, and when prescribing physical exercise.  相似文献   

“网络信息安全”教学平台中教学评价系统的研究与设计     

孙颖  李涛 《科教文汇》2013,(12):77-78

随着网络在生活学习工作等各个方面的普及与应用,特别是无线网络与移动通信网络的发展,教育的网络化趋势日益明显。网络教学平台作为网络教育的载体,是体现教育网络化优势的关键所在。但是目前的网络教学平台主要侧重于教学资源的组织与交流功能的实现,对学生在学习过程中的管理、反馈与评价还是一个空缺,如何有效地对网络教学进行评价是摆在我们面前亟待研究和解决的一个现实问题。本文在网络教学平台基础上分析了教学系统所要达到的总体目标．阐明了其体系结构。并重点探讨了教学评价系统的设计与实现。  相似文献   

Testing method for objective evaluation of cross-country ski poles     

Mikael Swarén  Mikael Therell  Anders Eriksson  Hans-Christer Holmberg 《Sports Engineering》2013,16(4):255-264

The aim of the study was to develop an objective classification method for cross-country ski poles. A test device was designed to expose different pole models to maximal loading and impact tests. A load cell measured the axial forces in the pole shafts, and a laser distance meter measured shaft deflection when a load was applied via the wrist strap. In the loading tests, each shaft reached a plateau where no more force could be transferred. This maximal force transfer (MFT) value was a characteristic measure for flexural rigidity and thereby also strength. The developed test method enables a loading that is more similar to real-life skiing than a standard three-point bending test. Results show that the introduction of shaft indices for buckling strength is beneficial for comparison purposes. The MFT is a relevant parameter used in the characterization of poles.  相似文献   

Facebook and sport education: mirroring the model at home to promote parental involvement     

Javier Fernandez-Rio  Javier Bernabe-Martín 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(8):814-827

ABSTRACT

Social networks had become so important that they constitute a way of life for many individuals, and Facebook is probably the most popular one. Society has become totally connected, but classrooms still remain rather isolated. The goal of the study was to extend the Sport Education Model (SEM) through a social network, Facebook, to promote parental involvement, assessing its impact at home. 41 parents of 49 grade 12th secondary education students agreed to participate (39?57 years): 14 fathers and 27 mothers. The vast majority of participating parents that included information about their socio-economic and educational background considered themselves medium level (11 out of 13). Unfortunately, most parents did not provide this type of information (69.30%). An AcroGymnastics learning unit was implemented using the SEM during 16 sessions. All Facebook activity was recorded by the site, and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data directly from the parents. Quantitative data was analysed using Gytrics, while MAXQDA 11 helped with qualitative data management. Quantitative results showed that the Facebook group had a notable effect in parents’ involvement: 42.26% joined (67% mothers), 100% reacted, 70.47% published content, 48.69% uploaded a picture/video, 503 posts, 14,528 hits, and 2025 reactions: 1912 likes and 113 comments. Themes derived from the analysis of the qualitative data reinforced the idea that Facebook helped promote parental participation: involvement, affiliation and learning, and some SEM features at home: affiliation, festive atmosphere and participation. Finally, a change in the PE status was also observed among parents. In conclusion, the combination Facebook-SEM had a notable positive effect on parental involvement, especially among mothers of medium socio-economic background. The number and type of activities posted by the administrator seemed to be a key element to positively integrate Facebook in education.  相似文献   

Personal metaphors of prospective secondary economics and science teachers     

Lucía Mellado  María Luisa Bermejo 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》2012,40(4):395-408

Using the responses to open questions, this qualitative study examines the personal metaphors expressed by prospective secondary education teachers, 46 science graduates and 41 economics graduates. The metaphors are classified into the four categories of Leavy, McSorley, and Boté: the behaviourist/transmissive, the cognitivist/constructivist, the situative, and the self-referential. The results showed most metaphors to fall into the behaviourist/transmissive category, followed by the cognitivist/constructivist, self-referential, and situative categories, although some teachers expressed metaphors framed in more than one category. Of the 129 metaphors detected in the study, only one, of a chemistry graduate concerning the equilibrium between reactants, was associated with the prospective teachers' specific undergraduate education. The rest were expressions of their overall vision of teaching and learning, regardless of the speciality.  相似文献   

Assessing the unidimensionality of the School and College Ability Test (SCAT,Spanish version) using non-parametric methods based on item response theory     

Javier Tourón  Luis Lizasoain  Luis Joaristi 《High Ability Studies》2012,23(2):183-202

The aim of this work is to analyze the dimensional structure of the Spanish version of the School and College Ability Test, employed in the process for the identification of students with high intellectual abilities. This test measures verbal and mathematical (or quantitative) abilities at three levels of difficulty: elementary (3rd, 4th, and 5th years in Primary school), intermediate (6th year in Primary school plus the 1st and 2nd years of Compulsory Secondary School or ESO), and advanced (3rd and 4th years of ESO plus the 1st and 2nd years of bachillerato – equivalent to High school). For each level there are two forms, X and Y. The research was undertaken with the results obtained from the application carried out for the validation and norming of the Spanish version of the test, and for which a representative sample of students from Navarre at these mentioned levels was taken. This study assessed the possible unidimensionality of the simplicity or the complexity of the structure of this test as an essential aspect of construct validity. To this end, the results were triangulated for the classic factorial techniques and non-parametric methods based on the item response theory.  相似文献