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The article uses the concept of organisational status to explore how universities respond to intensifying competition. Although status is not a novel phenomenon in higher education, recent insights show that the concerns with vertical positioning, both nationally and internationally, are gaining prominence with a growing number of universities worldwide. As global competition becomes as fierce as ever, universities’ efforts to maintain or advance their position vis-à-vis each other are becoming more salient. The paper draws from extant literature to identify three mechanisms of organisational status construction—categories, intermediaries and affiliations—and offers a set of propositions as to how universities of different status rank are expected to act when seeking to maintain or advance their status. Such activities, it is argued, shape status hierarchies, which, in turn, affect the scope of organisational action. The article contributes to the discussions on competition in higher-education literature and, more broadly, to the theory of organisational action in the tradition of sociological institutionalism. 相似文献
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Jelena Radišić Aleksandar Baucal 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2018,33(3):445-466
The study explores how teachers perceive and go about students’ thinking in connection to particular mathematical content and how they frame the notion of applied mathematics in their own classrooms. Teachers’ narratives are built around two released PISA 2012 mathematics items, the ‘Drip rate’ and ‘Climbing Mount Fuji’ (will be referred to as the Fuji item). Teachers show concordance as to the reasons that could make either of the items difficult for students and are able to provide more examples justifying their reasoning for the ‘Fuji’ item. Suggestions linked to making the items more familiar to the students mostly relate to de-contextualization of the items’ content towards a more formal mathematical record. The teachers agree that students need only basic mathematical knowledge, at a level learned during elementary school, in order to solve these problems. Yet, at the same time, many teachers have difficulty clearly verbalising which procedures students are expected to follow to be able to solve the tasks. Disagreement among the teachers is noticeable when labelling the most difficult part(s) of each of the selected items. Mathematics teachers show openness for learning on how to create math problems we examined in this study, but question the purpose and meaning in incorporating more such problems in their own teaching. 相似文献
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Associations among internalizing, externalizing, and social competence were examined in a longitudinal cohort (N = 205) of 8- to 12-year-old children reassessed after 7, 10, and 20 years. Theoretically informed nested structural equation models tested interconnections among broad multi-informant constructs across four developmental periods. Follow-up analyses examined gender invariance, measurement and age effects, and putative common causes. Key model comparisons indicated robust negative paths from social competence to internalizing problems from childhood to adolescence and from emerging adulthood to young adulthood. Social competence and externalizing problems showed strong initial associations in childhood but no longitudinal cross-domain paths. Using a developmental psychopathology framework, results are discussed in relation to cascade and transactional effects and the interplay between competence and symptoms over time. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe study aimed to investigate variations in addition and subtraction fluency by observing grade three students in Norway (n = 253, Mage = 8.38 y.) and Finland (n = 209, Mage = 9.35 y.) while controlling for their age and non-verbal reasoning. Gender differences were also examined. The focus of the study was on the performance of the low-achieving (LA) students in comparison to the typically achieving (TA) group, not neglecting differences in how early educational support was organised across the two countries. Two-minute speed tests in both addition and subtraction within the 1–20 number range were used to assess fluency. The Finnish students outperformed students in the Norwegian sample both in addition and subtraction fluency. There were more Norwegian students in the LA group (i.e. performance at or below the 25th percentile) in both addition (37.9% vs. 20.1%) and subtraction (39.1% vs. 15.8%). In comparison to the TA students, the LA students made more errors and skipped over more arithmetic tasks in an attempt to solve them. Observed differences are discussed in relation to both country characteristics concerning early mathematics education and early educational support. 相似文献
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Jelena Obradovi&#; Nicole R. Bush Juliet Stamperdahl Nancy E. Adler W. Thomas Boyce 《Child development》2010,81(1):270-289
This study examined the direct and interactive effects of stress reactivity and family adversity on socioemotional and cognitive development in three hundred and thirty-eight 5- to 6-year-old children. Neurobiological stress reactivity was measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia and salivary cortisol responses to social, cognitive, sensory, and emotional challenges. Adaptation was assessed using child, parent, and teacher reports of externalizing symptoms, prosocial behaviors, school engagement, and academic competence. Results revealed significant interactions between reactivity and adversity. High stress reactivity was associated with more maladaptive outcomes in the context of high adversity but with better adaption in the context of low adversity. The findings corroborate a reconceptualization of stress reactivity as biological sensitivity to context by showing that high reactivity can both hinder and promote adaptive functioning. 相似文献
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Popadic Gacesa J Dragnic NR Prvulovic NM Barak OF Grujic N 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(6):635-641
The aim of this study was to determine whether triceps brachii muscle volume can be adequately estimated from a single anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) and can the same model be used for prediction after training. Thirty-five healthy male non-athletes (age 21.6 ± 2.5 years, body mass index 24.8 ± 3.5 kg · m(-2)) volunteered for this study. The volumes of the upper arm extensors were calculated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence scans and regression models were developed, which were used to predict muscle volumes from single MRI cross-sectional scans taken at different points along the humerus length. The same procedure was repeated after 12 weeks of maximal resistance training of the elbow extensors. Correlation coefficients were calculated for Model A with CSA(max), humerus length (HL), and body mass index (r = 0.919), a model with CSA(50%) and HL (r = 0.922), and a model with CSA(60%) and HL (r = 0.920) (P < 0.001). The standard error of estimate for Model A, Model CSA(50%), and Model CSA(60%) was 8.0%, 7.7%, and 7.8% respectively. Thesame prediction formula can be used for the left arm (r = 0.904). If a single ACSA is used for triceps brachii volume prediction, the best fit is with Model CSA(60%) and HL, both before and after training (r = 0.941). By introducing humerus length into the calculation, we simplify the procedure for volume measurement, since it can be obtained during MRI scanning. 相似文献
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Lara Milevoj Kopcinovic Jelena Culej 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2014,24(1):123-137
The pathological accumulation of serous fluids in the pleural, peritoneal and pericardial space occurs in a variety of conditions. Since patient management depends on right and timely diagnosis, biochemical analysis of extravascular body fluids is considered a valuable tool in the patient management process.The biochemical evaluation of serous fluids includes the determination of gross appearance, differentiation of transudative from exudative effusions and additional specific biochemical testing to assess the effusion etiology. This article summarized data from the most relevant literature concerning practice with special emphasis on usefulness of biochemical tests used for the investigation of pleural, peritoneal and pericardial effusions. Additionally, preanalytical issues concerning serous fluid analysis were addressed and recommendations concerning acceptable analytical practice in serous fluid analysis were presented. 相似文献
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Stanislava Petrovic Natasa Bogavac-Stanojevic Dragana Lakic Amira Peco-Antic Irena Vulicevic Ivana Ivanisevic Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2015,25(2):262-271