Process rather than product, becoming rather than being, dynamic rather than static, context rather than text, reflecting
time and place rather than universal absolutes—these have become the postmodern watchwords for analyzing and understanding
science, society, organizations, and business activity, among others. They should likewise become the watchwords for archival
science in the new century, and thus the foundation for a new conceptual paradigm for the profession. Postmodernism is not
the only reason for reformulating the main precepts of archival science. Significant changes in the purpose of archives as
institutions and the nature of records are other factors which, combined with postmodern insights, form the basis of the new
perception of archives as documents, institutions, and profession in society.
This essay explores the nature of postmodernism and archival science, and suggest links between the two. It outlines two broad
changes in archival thinking that underpin the archival paradigm shift, before suggesting new formulations for most traditional
archival concepts. 相似文献
This paper details how one city in the north‐east of England set out to explore the concept of inclusion and to develop more inclusive early years and childcare services through the use of an action research/reflective practice approach with practitioners. It describes a local project, the Inclusive Practice Pilot Project (IPP), designed to develop more inclusive services for young children and children using out‐of‐school clubs. The paper outlines the progress of the project which used action research as a mechanism for developing thinking and understanding linked to practice change. It highlights both the catalysts for, and barriers to, the development of more inclusive practice. It concludes by suggesting that if early years and childcare services are to become more inclusive, then alongside technical and organizational change there needs to be more emphasis on supporting changes in attitudes, understandings and ways of thinking about practice.
Cet article expose en détail comment une ville dans le nord‐est de l’Angleterre a entrepris deexplorer le concept de l’inclusion et de développer avec les praticiens un service pré‐escolaire etd’ assistance à l’enfance plus inclusif à travers de l’utilisation d’une pratique qui utilise la recherche d’action/ recherche reflective. Un projet local est décrit, le Pilote Projet de Pratique Inclusive (IPP), conçu pour développer des services plus inclusives pour les enfants plus petits et les enfants qui utilisent dehors des clubs d’activités dehors de l’école. Cet essai décrit le progrès du projet qui a employé la recherche active comme mécanisme pour développer la pensée et la compréhension liées au changement de pratique. Il accentue non seulement les catalyseurs mais aussi les barrières au développement d’une pratique plus inclusive. On conclut en suggérant que si les services de la première enfance et d’ assistance à l’enfance doivent devenir plus inclusifs alors qu’à côté du changement technique et organisationnel il faut mettre plus d’emphase en faveur du changement des attitudes, des ententes et des manières de penser autour la pratique.
Este ensayo detalla cómo una ciudad en el nordeste de Inglaterra se propuso a explorar el concepto de la inclusión y a desarrollar junto a los profesionales servicios más inclusivos para el cuidado de niños y de pre‐escolar a través del uso de una práctica basada sobre el método “investigación‐acción/ práctica reflexiva”. Describe un proyecto local, el Proyecto Piloto de la Práctica Inclusiva (IPP), diseñado para desarrollar servicios más inclusivos para los niños en general y los niños pequeños que usan clubs de actividades extraescolares. El papel perfila el progreso del proyecto en el que fue utilizada la investigación‐acción como mecanismo para desarrollar el pensamiento y el entendimiento relacionados al cambio de práctica. Destaca tanto los catalizadores como las barreras al desarrollo de una práctica más inclusiva. Concluye sugiriendo que para que los servicios pre‐escolares y de cuidado de niños lleguen a ser más inclusivos, entonces junto al cambio técnico y de organización se necesita poner más énfasis en el apoyo al cambio en las actitudes, el entendimiento y la manera de pensar sobre la práctica. 相似文献
The aim of this study was to investigate if the effects of changes in physiological arousal on timing performance can be accurately predicted by the catastrophe model. Eighteen young adults (8 males, 10 females) volunteered to participate in the study following ethical approval. After familiarisation, coincidence anticipation was measured using the Bassin Anticipation Timer under four incremental exercise conditions: Increasing exercise intensity and low cognitive anxiety, increasing exercise intensity and high cognitive anxiety, decreasing exercise intensity and low cognitive anxiety and decreasing exercise intensity and high cognitive anxiety. Incremental exercise was performed on a treadmill at intensities of 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% heart rate reserve (HRR) respectively. Ratings of cognitive anxiety were taken at each intensity using the Mental Readiness Form 3 (MRF3) followed by performance of coincidence anticipation trials at speeds of 3 and 8 mph. Results indicated significant condition × intensity interactions for absolute error (AE; p = .0001) and MRF cognitive anxiety intensity scores (p = .05). Post hoc analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in AE across exercise intensities in low–cognitive anxiety conditions. In high–cognitive anxiety conditions, timing performance AE was significantly poorer and cognitive anxiety higher at 90% HRR, compared to the other exercise intensities. There was no difference in timing responses at 90% HRR during competitive trials, irrespective of whether exercise intensity was increasing or decreasing. This study suggests that anticipation timing performance is negatively affected when physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety are high. 相似文献
Samples of reaches were obtained from groups of infants aged 4.5, 6, and 7.5 months. Split-screen video recordings were transcribed as sequences of (x,y,z) hand coordinates, and the hand path was examined for evidence of initial aiming and subsequent correction of the movement path. At all ages, the initial direction of the movement was correlated with target direction, providing evidence that the hand was aimed toward the target. Additionally, changes in movement direction made after the commencement of the movement tended to curve the hand path toward the target, providing evidence of error correction. Local minima of hand speed evident within segments of continuous motion were associated with turn toward the target. However, the movement path was also curved toward the target within the movement elements bounded by these minima. This finding was seen as consistent with "continuous" correction of movement errors and as contrary to the suggestion that infant movements are concatenations of ballistic movement units whose boundaries are marked by troughs in the speed profile. 相似文献
Special educators are urged to use research findings to inform their instruction in order to improve student outcomes. However, it can be difficult to tell whether and how research findings apply to one's own students. In this article, we discuss how special educators can consider the samples and the sampling methods in studies to examine the relevance of research findings for their students. We describe two approaches for examining the degree to which research findings apply to one's students—the classical generalization model and the case‐to‐case transfer model. We also note additional factors and caveats to consider when evaluating the applicability of research findings, examine the implications of samples and sampling in two research studies, and provide a take‐away message that educators should determine the relevance of research findings for their own students by examining studies’ samples and the sampling methods. 相似文献
Free Speech Messages carried information allowing audience actions more often than did editorials on the same stations. Sometimes stations may have coaxed FSM writers into changing type of information given. 相似文献
This study examines the vigorous dialectic presently occurring between intellectuals, religious leaders and politicians trying to define the appropriate role of Islam in education in Egypt. The study highlights the ideological disjunction between a small but powerful élite who are the 'gatekeepers' of education policy and a polity that is calling for a greater infusion of Islamic instruction in the national education system. This study illustrates the challenges of Egypt's policy-makers in sustaining an education system with goals that are interpreted by many to be inconsistent, contradictory or counter to the collective socio-religious prerogatives of the society at large. 相似文献
Treatment fidelity refers to the extent to which an intervention is implemented as planned. If researchers do not assess and report treatment fidelity, or if treatment fidelity is shown to be low, findings from intervention studies are difficult to interpret, because the intervention may not have been implemented as planned. In this article, our aim is to inform research consumers by discussing treatment fidelity and its primary dimensions, providing guidelines for interpreting treatment fidelity, considering implications of treatment fidelity for research and practice, and illustrating how fidelity is reported in two recent studies. Our take‐home message is that when one is interpreting intervention studies, it is important to consider whether the interventions were applied as planned, or with fidelity. 相似文献
