Getting to No: Pragmatic and Semantic Factors in Two‐ and Three‐Year‐Olds' Understanding of Negation          下载免费PDF全文

Tracy Reuter  Roman Feiman  Jesse Snedeker 《Child development》2018,89(4):e364-e381

Although infants say “no” early, older children have difficulty understanding its truth‐functional meaning. Two experiments investigate whether this difficulty stems from the infelicity of negative sentences out of the blue. In Experiment 1, given supportive discourse, 3‐year‐olds (N = 16) understood both affirmative and negative sentences. However, with sentence types randomized, 2‐year‐olds (N = 28) still failed. In Experiment 2, affirmative and negative sentences were blocked. Two‐year‐olds (N = 28) now succeeded, but only when affirmatives were presented first. Thus, although discourse felicity seems the primary bottleneck for 3‐year‐olds' understanding of negation, 2‐year‐olds struggle with its semantic processing. Contrary to accounts where negatives are understood via affirmatives, both sentence types were processed equally quickly, suggesting previously reported asymmetries are due to pragmatic accommodation, not semantic processing.  相似文献   

Utilizing Student Socio-coordinated Mimicry: Complex Movement Conversations in Physical Education     

Jesse Lee Rhoades  Timothy Frank Hopper 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2018,70(3):275-291

This article explores Complexity Theory and applications of nonlinear dynamics in physical education (PE). The authors of this article discuss Complexity Theory and its applications to students and student learning. Additionally, there will be discussion of how the networking learning process associated with socio-coordinated mimicry creates a “movement conversation” between learners rooted in the relational complexity of students within a PE lesson. Finally, the authors discuss research opportunities within PE, allowing for a close collaboration between pedagogical researchers and biomechanists to examine the emergent qualities within the “movement conversations” between students. Overall, this article seeks to illustrate the possibilities of utilizing Complexity Theory within PE pedagogy and research.  相似文献   

Equity in New Zealand university graduate outcomes: Māori and Pacific graduates     

Reremoana Theodore  Mele Taumoepeau  Jesse Kokaua  Karen Tustin  Megan Gollop  Nicola Taylor 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(1):206-221

Higher education confers significant private and social benefits. Māori and Pacific peoples are under-represented within New Zealand universities and have poorer labour market outcomes (e.g., lower wages, under-represented in skilled professions). A New Zealand tertiary education priority is to boost Māori and Pacific success in an effort to improve outcomes for these graduates, their communities and society in general. Using information collected in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand, we compared Māori and Pacific university graduate outcomes with outcomes of other New Zealand graduates. Data were collected when the participants were in their final year of study (n?=?8719) and two years post-graduation (n?=?6104). Employment outcomes were comparable between Māori, Pacific and other New Zealand graduates at two years post-graduation; however, Māori and Pacific graduates had significantly higher student debt burden and financial strain over time. They were significantly more likely to help others (e.g., family) across a range of situations (e.g., lending money), and reported higher levels of volunteerism compared to their counterparts. Boosting higher education success for Māori and Pacific students has the potential to reduce ethnic inequalities in New Zealand labour market outcomes and may result in significant private benefits for these graduates and social benefits as a result of their contribution to society.  相似文献   

Curriculum practices affecting retention in the senior secondary years     

Moya Adams  Samuel Ball  John Braithwaite  Harry Kensell  Brian Low 《The Australian Educational Researcher》1989,16(3):53-65

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Children with behavioral, non-behavioral, and multiple disabilities, and the risk of out-of-home placement disruption     

Helton JJ 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(11):956-964

Objective

This study examined the relative risk of placement disruption for 3-10 year-old children placed in out-of-home care based on the biological relatedness of the placement caregiver and child disability status: no disability, a non-behavioral disability only, a behavioral disability only, or both a non-behavioral and behavioral disability.

Methods

Data were used from the baseline and 36 month follow-up of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, a national probability study of children investigated for child abuse and neglect in the United States. Disability status was derived using several different nationally-normed measures of language development, daily-living skills, social skills, and behavioral problems.

Results

Around 1 in 4 children placed in out-of-home care experienced a disruption. Placement with kin decreased the likelihood of disruption for a majority of children, and children with different types of disabilities were no more or less likely to disrupt in kinship care compared to children with no disability. Older children with a behavioral disability only or both a non-behavioral and behavioral disability were more likely to disrupt compared to younger regardless of placement.

Conclusion

The study findings suggest that maltreated children placed with kin will be afforded the same stability provided to children without a disability.  相似文献   

汪喵星人的自白     

Jesse Hunter  foonfoon 《英语辅导》2015,(4):1

每次看着那些萌萌的汪喵星人,内心总会变得一片柔软,不禁产生"我也好想抱养一只"的想法,但我也知道养这些萌宠就好比养孩子,责任重大,所以到最后也是想想而已,不过这也不妨碍我对这些萌系星人的喜爱。每次在街上或者在亲戚朋友家看到它们,总忍不住盯着它们看好久,有时它们也会回看我,那时我就会想,它们会不会在心里暗暗嘀咕"为什么这个怪阿姨一直盯着我,还在对我笑?"这样一脑补,感觉不能更萌啦!但同时,这也让我产生好奇:在这些可爱的猫猫狗狗眼里,这个世界是怎样的?我们这些人  相似文献   

生命最后的馈赠     

Jesse Hunter  foonfoon 《英语辅导》2015,(2):1

在中国,每年需要做器官移植手术的病人约有150万人,但是能够真正完成移植的只有大约1万人,而器官捐献不足是主要原因之一。由于供体和受体之间的巨大差额,许多病人在绝望的等待中渐渐死去。说起遗体捐赠,多少有点儿犯了中国人的忌讳,认为这会扰了逝者的安宁——这也是许多人不愿意捐赠器官的一个原因。但是,这种想法应该慢慢地被改变,人们应该去理解器官捐赠的意义。这样的话,将会有无数条生命因此而受惠。如果有一天,我将要面临死亡,那么我愿意捐赠出自己的遗体吗?在初次接触到器官捐赠这个观念的时候,我就这么问过自己,答案是愿意,所以我也去网上登记注册成为了一名器官捐献志愿者。自己死了,但是自己的一些器官却能在其他人的身体  相似文献   

Life Through A Microbial Lens     

Susan Spath  Maureen O’Malley  Jesse Zaneveld  Rob Knight  Carl Zimmer 《Metascience》2009,18(2):179-205

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Bookreviews     

Brian Holmes  G. L. de Landsheere  E. Eaglesham  J. Idenburg  H. S. McFarland  R. W. McCulloch  J. B. Biggs  G. Mori  F. Morino  James W. Coulthard  M. J. Langeveld  M. L. Kellmer Pringle  M. A. Brimer  Jesse E. Gordon  T. N. Postlethwaite  W. E. Vliegenthart  Eve Malmquist  B. F. Nel  Gerhard Pause  Kurt Graff  A. Gammie  Dirk Wendt 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1963,9(4):477-506

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Specification of a patent for manufacturing from wool,without the process of spinning and weaving,pantaloons, stockings,drawers, wrappers,petticoats, vest bodies, &c. Granted to Jesse Foster and James Stoutenburgh,Green county,New York,April 20, 1830     

Jesse Foster  James Stoutenburgh 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1830,10(1):25-26

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