Electroencephalographic Coherence and Learning: Distinct Patterns of Change During Word Learning and Figure Learning Tasks     

Peter Collins  Michael Hogan  Liam Kilmartin  Michael Keane  Jochen Kaiser  Kurt Fischer 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2010,4(4):208-218

One likely mechanism in learning new skills is change in synchronous connections between distributed neural networks, which can be measured by coherence analysis of electroencephalographic patterns. This study examined coherence changes during the learning of two tasks, a word association task and a figure association task. Although learning curves were similar for both tasks, distinct patterns of coherence change were observed. Coherence tended to increase as learning progressed in the figure association task. In contrast, coherence tended to decrease in the word association task, especially within hemisphere. Word learning was coupled with negative intrahemispheric and positive interhemispheric performance–coherence relations in the gamma frequency. Unique to the figure learning task was an increase in the number of positive coherence–performance relations in both delta and theta frequencies across blocks. Results are discussed in light of ongoing efforts to identify the mechanisms that coordinate distributed brain activities during the process of learning. Further research is needed to define patterns of coherence change for different tasks, goals, and brain regions.  相似文献   

Models in software engineering - an introduction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jochen Ludewig 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,18(3-4):105-112

Modelling is a concept fundamental for software engineering. In this paper, the word is defined and discussed from various perspectives. The most important types of models are presented, and examples are given. Models are very useful, but sometimes also dangerous, in particular to those who use them unconsciously. Such problems are shown. Finally, the role of models in software engineering research is discussed.Received: 21 October 2002, Accepted: 10 January 2003,  相似文献   

Models in software engineering - an introduction     

Jochen Ludewig 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2004,2(1):105-112

Modelling is a concept fundamental for software engineering. In this paper, the word is defined and discussed from various perspectives. The most important types of models are presented, and examples are given. Models are very useful, but sometimes also dangerous, in particular to those who use them unconsciously. Such problems are shown. Finally, the role of models in software engineering research is discussed.  相似文献   

Software for calculating blood lactate endurance markers   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Newell J  Higgins D  Madden N  Cruickshank J  Einbeck J  McMillan K  McDonald R 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(12):1403-1409

Blood lactate markers are used as summary measures of the underlying model of an athlete's blood lactate response to increasing work rate. Exercise physiologists use these endurance markers, typically corresponding to a work rate in the region of high curvature in the lactate curve, to predict and compare endurance ability. A short theoretical background of the commonly used markers is given and algorithms provided for their calculation. To date, no free software exists that allows the sports scientist to calculate these markers. In this paper, software is introduced for precisely this purpose that will calculate a variety of lactate markers for an individual athlete, an athlete at different instants (e.g. across a season), and simultaneously for a squad.  相似文献   

Der Sportverein     

K. Heinemann  M. Schubert  Jochen Hinsching 《Sportwissenschaft》1997,27(3):340-346

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Optics : by J.P. Mathieu,translated by J. Warren Blaker. (International Series in Natural Philosophy,Vol. 62.) 562 pages,illustr., 7 × 10 in. Pergamon Press,Oxford, 1975. Price, $27.50 (approx. £11·85).     

H.G. Kuhn 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1976,301(4):393-394

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The Impact of Changing Funding and Authority Relationships on Scientific Innovations     

Richard Whitley  Jochen Gläser  Grit Laudel 《Minerva》2018,56(1):109-134

The past three decades have witnessed a sharp reduction in the rate of growth of public research funding, and sometimes an actual decline in its level. In many countries, this decline has been accompanied by substantial changes in the ways that such funding has been allocated and monitored. In addition, the institutions governing how research is directed and conducted underwent significant reforms. In this paper we examine how these changes have affected scientists’ research goals and practices by comparing the development of three scientific innovations (one each in physics, biology, and educational research) in four European countries, namely Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Sweden. We find that the increased number of actors exercising authority over research goals does not necessarily lead to a greater diversity of interests funding research. A narrowing of goals and frameworks is especially probable when the increasing importance of external project funding is combined with reductions in state financing of universities and public research institutes. Finally, the growing standardisation of project cycle times and resource packages across funding agencies and scientific communities make it more difficult for researchers to pursue projects that deviate from these norms, especially, if they challenge mainstream beliefs and assessment criteria.  相似文献   

Beyond breakthrough research: Epistemic properties of research and their consequences for research funding     

Grit Laudel  Jochen Gläser 《Research Policy》2014

The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion about links between epistemic properties and institutional conditions for research by providing an exploratory analysis of such links featured by projects funded by the European Research Council (ERC). Our analysis identifies epistemic properties of research processes and links them to necessary and favourable conditions for research, and through these to institutional conditions provided by grants. Our findings enable the conclusion that there is research that is important for the progress of a field but is difficult to fund with common project grants. The predominance and standardisation of grant funding, which can be observed about many European countries, appears to reduce the chances of unconventional projects across all disciplines. Funding programmes of the ‘ERC-type’ (featuring large and flexible budgets, long time horizons, and risk-tolerant selection processes) constitute an institutional innovation because they enable such research. However, while the ERC funding and other new funding schemes for exceptional research attempt to cover these requirements, they are unlikely to suffice.  相似文献   

Sozialisation im Sport     

Klaus Cachay  Horst-Werner Ehni  Dietrich Kurz  Jürgen Lange  Günther Schmidt  Jochen Sprenger  Norbert Wolf 《Sportwissenschaft》1973,3(4):387-413

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The Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers     

Gérard Kuhn 《Higher Education in Europe》2004,29(2):237-240

The overall mission of the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers—(CNAM) [National Conservatory of Industrial Arts and Trades] is outlined. One of its centers, the Centre national de l'entrepreneuriat—(CNE) [National Center for Entrepreneurship] is described in greater detail. In particular, this center offers various services, notably training and retraining, to small entrepreneurs, including distance training via a virtual training system, @ppui^©. It also offers a range of entrepreneurial consultation services to small and to very small businesses and to regional institutions.  相似文献