Changing Funding Arrangements and the Production of Scientific Knowledge: Introduction to the Special Issue     

Jochen Gläser  Kathia Serrano Velarde 《Minerva》2018,56(1):1-10

With this special issue, we would like to promote research on changes in the funding of the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Since funding secures the livelihood of researchers and the means to do research, it is an indispensable condition for almost all research; as funding arrangements are undergoing dramatic changes, we think it timely to renew the science studies community’s efforts to understand the funding of research. Changes in the governance of science have garnered considerable attention from science studies and higher education research; however, the impact of these changes on the conduct and content of research has not received sufficient attention, and theoretical insights into the connections between funding practices and research practices are few and far between. The aim of this special issue is to contribute to our theoretical understanding of the changing nature of research funding and its impact on the production of scientific knowledge. More specifically, we are interested in the interplay between funding and research practices: What is the impact of institutionalised funding arrangements on the production of scientific knowledge?  相似文献   

Assessing Fit of Item Response Models Using the Information Matrix Test     

Jochen Ranger  Jörg‐Tobias Kuhn 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2012,49(3):247-268

The information matrix can equivalently be determined via the expectation of the Hessian matrix or the expectation of the outer product of the score vector. The identity of these two matrices, however, is only valid in case of a correctly specified model. Therefore, differences between the two versions of the observed information matrix indicate model misfit. The equality of both matrices can be tested with the so‐called information matrix test as a general test of misspecification. This test can be adapted to item response models in order to evaluate the fit of single items and the fit of the whole scale. The performance of different versions of the test is compared in a simulation study with existing tests of model fit, among them the test of Orlando and Thissen, the score test of local independence due to Glas and Suarez‐Falcon, and the limited information approach of Maydeu‐Olivares and Joe. In general, the different versions of the information matrix test adhere to the nominal Type I error rate and have high power for detecting misspecified item characteristic curves. Additionally, some versions of the test can be used in order to detect violations of the local independence assumption.  相似文献   

Bewegungstherapie in der Kinder- und Jugendlichenrehabilitation     

Dr. Jutta Ahnert  Stefan Löffler  Jochen Müller  Heiner Vogel 《Sportwissenschaft》2011,41(2):112-123

Although recommended in most treatment guidelines for child/adolescent rehabilitation, there is a lack of standards regarding the amount of exercise therapy that children and adolescents should receive during rehabilitation to ensure effective treatment. First, existing treatment guidelines were examined with regard to data on the frequency, duration, content, and modes of procedure of exercise therapy in the treatment of children and adolescents with asthma, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the actual implementation of exercise therapy in child/adolescent rehabilitative care was analyzed by using standardized data on the classification of therapeutic measures of the years 2007/2008 and comparing different rehabilitation centers. In the context of a nationwide survey, experts and clinicians were asked to describe and define how exercise therapy can be adopted in rehabilitative practice. On this basis, an expert workshop was conducted during which a pilot version of treatment guidelines for child/adolescent rehabilitation was developed and compared with actual medical care practice. Obese children/adolescents receive the highest amount of exercise therapy (4.7 h/week). However, children suffering from atopic dermatitis engage just as long in therapeutic exercises (1.9 h/week) as do children with asthma (1.9 h/week). Exercise therapy modules vary significantly between rehabilitation centers in terms of average frequency and duration. When comparing treatment guidelines and actual medical practice, it becomes apparent that only children up to the age of 7 with atopic dermatitis or asthma are provided to some degree adequately with exercise therapeutic treatment, whereas children aged 8 or older with asthma and/or obesity receive too little exercise therapy. Potential reasons for large variations between rehabilitation centers regarding the use of exercise therapy as well as possible factors that influence discrepancies between actual rehabilitative care practice and therapeutic guidelines are discussed.  相似文献   

Agenda-Rich, Agenda-Poor: A Cross-National Comparative Investigation of Nominal and Thematic Public Agenda Diversity     

Peter  Jochen; de Vreese  Claes H. 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2003,15(1):44-64

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Prospective analysis of technological innovation systems: Identifying technological and organizational development options for biogas in Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jochen Markard  Martin Stadelmann  Bernhard Truffer 《Research Policy》2009,38(4):655-667

In this article, we put forward a concept for the identification and analysis of future development options of technological innovation systems. The key element of our approach, the so-called variation analysis, is a methodology to identify coherent socio-technical and organizational variants within a specific innovation field. Consistent combinations of these two dimensions may be interpreted as nuclei for alternative future developments of innovation systems. The method may be used in discursive foresight processes to inform strategy formulation of firms or policy makers who see a utility in furthering the innovation field. The paper has a focus on developing the theoretical background and the analytical structure of the methodology. Empirically, we illustrate the method for the innovation system of biomass digestion in Switzerland.  相似文献   

Reliability and validity of a soccer passing test using the Footbonaut     

Christian Saal  Jochen Zinner  Harald Fiedler  Ralf Lanwehr  Jürgen Krug 《Sportwissenschaft》2018,48(3):334-340

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a soccer short passing test using the Footbonaut training system. Forty-eight young skilled soccer players and 31 lesser-skilled soccer players completed a test and a retest, each involving four sessions a day of a Footbonaut short passing test (FSPT). We found significant differences in mean execution times for skilled (mean [M]?=?2487, standard deviation [SD] ?=?155) and lesser-skilled players (M?=?2682, SD?=?176) but no significant difference in accuracy (M?=?74.13, SD?=?7.65; M?=?72.19, SD?=?8.13) between groups. The results from linear mixed-effects models show that there were no significant effects of repeated measurements on execution time. In contrast, we found an estimated increase of 0.86% in accuracy per session for both groups. In conclusion, the FSPT offers a reliable and valid method to differentiate young soccer players at different competitive levels, using execution time.  相似文献   

Our Long 'Return to the Concept of Powerful Mass Media'-- A Cross-National Comparative Investigation of the Effects of Consonant Media Coverage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter  Jochen 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2004,16(2):144-168

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Using Smartphones as Experimental Tools—a Follow-up: Cognitive Effects by Video Analysis and Reduction of Cognitive Load by Multiple Representations     

Hochberg  Katrin  Becker  Sebastian  Louis  Malte  Klein  Pascal  Kuhn  Jochen 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2020,29(2):303-317

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Mobile devices (smartphones or tablets) as experimental tools (METs) offer inspiring possibilities for science education, but until now, there has been...  相似文献   

The Economics of Sensationalism: The Lack of Effect of Scandal-Reporting on Business Outcomes     

Brinja Meiseberg  Jochen Lengers  Thomas Ehrmann 《Journal of Media Economics》2016,29(1):4-15

It goes nearly unchallenged that ambition for increased demand and therefore commercial forces induce newspapers to engage in sensationalism. However, who actually benefits, and to what extent, by reporting on alleged scandals remains largely unclear. Accordingly, this study evaluates the business outcomes of the most spectacular German scandal in recent decades. The results provide an explanation for an intentional lack of high-quality journalism; whereas news corporations, as well as advertisers, come away empty-handed, sensationalism seems to be incited by self-seeking journalists.  相似文献   

Das MeDoc-System – ein elektronischer Publikations- und Nachweisdienst für die Informatik     

Dietrich Boles  Markus Dreger  Kai Gro?johann  Cornelia Haber  Andreas Kusserow  Stefan Lohrum  Dirk Menke  Jochen Meyer  Gerhard M?ller und Ricarda Weber 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》1998,13(3):110-121

Zusammenfassung.   Ziele des MeDoc-Projektes waren die Konzeption, prototypische Entwicklung und Erprobung volltextbasierter Informations- und Publikationsdienste für die Informatik, um den Informationsaustausch und die Literaturversorgung in der Wissenschaft effektiver gestalten zu k?nnen. Dazu wurde im Rahmen des Projektes ein internet-basiertes System entwickelt, in dem Informatik & Fachinformation im Volltext gespeichert, recherchiert, abgerufen und gelesen werden kann und das die Suche nach Informatik-Literatur in heterogenen, verteilten Informationsquellen im Internet unterstützt. Das Informationsangebot ist dabei teilweise kostenpflichtig. In diesem Artikel werden Ziele, Funktionalit?t und Architektur des MeDoc-Systems beschrieben. Eingegangen am 19. Januar 1998 / Angenommen am 27. April 1998  相似文献