The impact of athletic performance on alumni giving: An analysis of microdata     

Jonathan Meer  Harvey S. Rosen 《Economics of Education Review》2009

An ongoing controversy in the literature on the economics of higher education centers on whether the success of a school’s athletic program affects alumni donations. This paper uses a unique data set to investigate this issue. The data contain detailed information about donations made by alumni of a selective research university as well as a variety of their economic and demographic characteristics. One important question is how to characterize the success of an athletic program. We focus not only on the performance of the most visible teams, football and basketball, but also on the success of the team on which he or she played as an undergraduate.  相似文献   

Transformative innovation in peri-urban Asia     

Fiona Marshall  Jonathan Dolley 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):983-992

This paper draws on two case studies from India and China to discuss how and why rapidly urbanizing contexts are particularly challenging for transformative innovation but are also critical sustainability frontiers and learning environments. We argue that lack of understanding and policy engagement with peri-urbanization in its current form is leading to increasing exclusion and unrealized potential to support multiple sustainable urban development goals. Peri-urbanization is often characterized by the neoliberal reordering of space and a co-option of environmental agendas by powerful urban elites. Changing land-use, resource extraction, pollution and livelihood transitions drive rapid changes in interactions between socio-technical and social-ecological systems, and produce complex feedbacks across the rural–urban continuum. These contexts also present characteristic governance challenges as a result of jurisdictional ambiguity, transitioning formal and informal institutional arrangements, heterogeneous and sometimes transient communities, shifts in decision making to distant authorities and the rapid growth of informal market-based arrangements with little incentive for environmental management. These unique features of peri-urbanization may reinforce a lack of inclusion and hinder experimentation, but they can also present valuable opportunities for transformative innovation. This innovation is unlikely to follow the lines of niche management and upscaling but rather should take advantage of peri-urban dynamics. There are possibilities to build new alliances in order to renegotiate governance structures across the rural–urban continuum, to reframe urban sustainability debates and to reconfigure socio-technical and social-ecological systems interactions.  相似文献   

Molecular game theory for a toxin-dominant food chain model     

Bowen Li  Jonathan R Silva  Xiancui Lu  Lei Luo  Yunfei Wang  Lizhen Xu  Aerziguli Aierken  Zhanserik Shynykul  Peter Muiruri Kamau  Anna Luo  Jian Yang  Deyuan Su  Fan Yang  Jianmin Cui  Shilong Yang  Ren Lai 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(6):1191

Animal toxins that are used to subdue prey and deter predators act as the key drivers in natural food chains and ecosystems. However, the predators of venomous animals may exploit feeding adaptation strategies to overcome toxins their prey produce. Much remains unknown about the genetic and molecular game process in the toxin-dominant food chain model. Here, we show an evolutionary strategy in different trophic levels of scorpion-eating amphibians, scorpions and insects, representing each predation relationship in habitats dominated by the paralytic toxins of scorpions. For scorpions preying on insects, we found that the scorpion α-toxins irreversibly activate the skeletal muscle sodium channel of their prey (insect, BgNa_V1) through a membrane delivery mechanism and an efficient binding with the Asp/Lys-Tyr motif of BgNa_V1. However, in the predatory game between frogs and scorpions, with a single point mutation (Lys to Glu) in this motif of the frog''s skeletal muscle sodium channel (fNa_V1.4), fNa_V1.4 breaks this interaction and diminishes muscular toxicity to the frog; thus, frogs can regularly prey on scorpions without showing paralysis. Interestingly, this molecular strategy also has been employed by some other scorpion-eating amphibians, especially anurans. In contrast to these amphibians, the Asp/Lys-Tyr motifs are structurally and functionally conserved in other animals that do not prey on scorpions. Together, our findings elucidate the protein-protein interacting mechanism of a toxin-dominant predator-prey system, implying the evolutionary game theory at a molecular level.  相似文献   

Sulpha Drugs: The PRE-Antibiotic Miracle     

Jonathan Simon 《Metascience》2008,17(3):461-464

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Firing Squads and Fine-Tuning: Sober on the Design Argument   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weisberg  Jonathan 《The British journal for the philosophy of science》2005,56(4):809-821

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A novel method for the performance of isometric exercise in the home     

Wiles JD  Coleman D  Dunford M  Swaine I 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(8):795-803

There is a paucity of research on devices suitable for home-based isometric exercise. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular responses to isometric exercise using novel and established methods. Ten individuals (age 34.0 +/- 8.5 years, mass 68.2 +/- 10.4 kg, height 1.72 +/- 0.09 m; mean +/- s) performed three different isometric exercise protocols with 48 h between each. Each protocol involved four repeated exercise bouts of 2 min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction force using alternate legs (transducer), alternate arms (transducer), or alternate arms (novel device). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 30 s. The highest (peak) values during each 2 min bout of exercise were recorded (peak systolic blood pressure, peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure and peak heart rate). At the end of each 2 min exercise bout, the participants rated their perceived discomfort using Borg's CR-10 scale. There was a statistically significant difference in peak systolic blood pressure between isometric arm flexion using the force transducer and the novel device [158.1 +/- 10.8 vs. 149.1 +/- 13.9 mmHg (mean +/- s); P = 0.02]. Further analysis showed that peak systolic blood pressure was on average 9 mmHg higher using the force transducer with limits of agreement of - 15.97 to 33.97 mmHg. Analysis of the peak diastolic blood pressure, peak mean arterial blood pressure, peak heart rate and CR-10 data revealed no statistically significant differences between the three protocols. These results suggest that this novel, home-based method elicited similar cardiovascular responses during isometric exercise to those of established laboratory-based methods. However, the lower peak systolic blood pressure using the modified scales warrants further investigation before this method is used widely in the home.  相似文献   

Evidence‐based librarianship: what might we expect in the years ahead?*     

Eldredge JD 《Health information and libraries journal》2002,19(2):71-77

Objective: To predict the possible accomplishments of the Evidence‐Based Librarianship (EBL) movement by the years 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. Methods: Predictive. The author draws upon recent events, relevant historical events and anecdotal accounts to detect evidence of predictable trends. Results: The author develops a set of probable predictions for the development of EBL. Although incomplete evidence exists, some trends still seem discernible. Conclusion: By 2020, EBL will have become indistinguishable from mainstream health sciences librarianship/informatics practices.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Jonathan D. Fife 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1984,13(6):xv-xvi

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Foreword     

Jonathan D. Fife 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1990,19(3):xix-xx

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Foreword     

Jonathan D. Fife 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1991,20(4):xv-xvi

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