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41.
Krista Mattern Justine Radunzel Maria Bertling Andrew D. Ho 《Educational Measurement》2018,37(3):11-23
The percentage of students retaking college admissions tests is rising. Researchers and college admissions offices currently use a variety of methods for summarizing these multiple scores. Testing organizations such as ACT and the College Board, interested in validity evidence like correlations with first‐year grade point average (FYGPA), often use the most recent test score available. In contrast, institutions report using a variety of composite scoring methods for applicants with multiple test records, including averaging and taking the maximum subtest score across test occasions (“superscoring”). We compare four scoring methods on two criteria. First, we compare correlations between scores and FYGPA by scoring method. We find them similar (). Second, we compare the extent to which test scores differentially predict FYGPA by scoring method and number of retakes. We find that retakes account for additional variance beyond standardized achievement and positively predict FYGPA across all scoring methods. Superscoring minimizes this differential prediction—although it may seem that superscoring should inflate scores across retakes, this inflation is “true” in that it accounts for the positive effects of retaking for predicting FYGPA. Future research should identity factors related to retesting and consider how they should be used in college admissions. 相似文献
42.
A cross-cultural study of parents' academic standards and educational aspirations for their children
The present study was an investigation of Asian Australian and Anglo-Celtic Australian parents' educational expectations of, and aspirations for, their children. It was predicted that parents from Asian backgrounds would have higher academic standards and higher aspirations for their children's education, compared with Anglo-Celtic Australian parents. These hypotheses were largely supported by a survey of 239 Australian parents from Chinese, Vietnamese and Anglo-Celtic cultural backgrounds. There was evidence of a preference for university education among the Chinese and Vietnamese parents, while Anglo-Celtic Australian parents from lower socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to prefer their children to attend TAFE or complete an apprenticeship. The results are discussed in terms of the role of parental factors in children's academic achievements. 相似文献
43.
Justine Mercer 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》2005,18(4):273-287
This paper presents findings from a 4-year study of faculty appraisal at two higher education institutions (HEIs) in the United
Arab Emirates (UAE). It finds that neither teachers nor academic managers are opposed to evaluative appraisal, and, contrary
to much of the literature, most are happy for evaluative and developmental elements to be combined. It then examines the apparent
paradox of continuing professional development in a context where federally-funded HEIs have the money to attract more teachers
than they need; the legal right to dismiss any of them for any reason; and a strong belief on the part of managers that these
particular students need and deserve only the very best teachers. It concludes that these features of the UAE context present
a considerable challenge to the popular notion that people are an institution’s most precious resource and need to be developed
at every opportunity. 相似文献
44.
Justine Z. X. Su 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1992,38(2):133-153
This study examines the current views held by American teacher education students and teacher educators regarding what schools are for, using data gathered from 2, 947 teacher candidates and 1, 217 teacher educators in 29 teacher training institutions across the USA in a national research project — The Study of the Education of Educators. Findings suggest that progressive and liberal views were the most popular schools of thought for both students and faculty members, although in general faculty tended to be more liberal and less conservative than students. In addition, both groups supported all of the broad goals of schooling, with the most emphasis assigned to basic skills education. There were some discrepancies between what students and faculty members believed and what their programs emphasized because programs were perceived as more conservative than students and faculty. In evaluating various sources of influence on students' educational beliefs and values, student teaching and cooperating teachers were found to be the most powerful sources of influence.
Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel werden die heutigen Ansichten amerikanischer Lehramtsanwärter und deren Ausbilder bezüglich der Aufgaben der Schule untersucht. Dafür werden Daten aus einem nationalen Forschungsprojekt — Studie der Lehrerausbildung — von 2.947 Leheramtsanwärtern und 1.217 Lehrerausbildern in 29 Leherausbildungsstätten in den USA verwendet. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß progressive und liberale Ansichten die beliebtesten Denkschulen für Studenten und Lehrkörpermitglieder waren, die Mitglieder des Lehrkörpers jedoch im allgemeinen liberaler und weniger konservativ als die Studenten waren. Zusätzlich befürworteten beide Gruppen unter besonderer Betonung der Grundausbildung die allgemeinen Zielsetzungen des Schulwesens. Es gab Diskrepanzen zwischen den Überzeugungen der Studenten sowie der Lehrköpermitglieder und den Schwerpunkten der Programme, da die Programme als konservativer als Studenten und Lehrkörper empfunden wurden. Bei der Evaluierung verschiedener Quellen von Einflüssen auf Überzeugungen und Wertvorstellungen im erzieherischen Bereich der Studenten, stellten sich Erfahrungen der Studenten im Unterrichten und die die Studenten betreuenden Lehrer als wichtigstes Element heraus.
Résumé La présente étude examine les points de vue actuels des étudiants des écoles normales américaines et des formateurs de formateurs sur le rôle des écoles. Elle fait appel pour ce faire aux données recueillies (à partir de 2,947 élèves-enseignants et de 1,217 formateurs d'éducateurs pris dans 29 instituts de formation des maîtres répartis dans tous les USA) dans un projet de recherche réalisé à l'échelon national: Etude sur la formation des éducateurs. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que les vues progressistes et libérales étaient les écoles de pensée les plus populaires pour les étudiants et les enseignants, bien qu'en général ces derniers soient plus libéraux et moins conservateurs que les élèves. En outre, les deux groupes ont soutenu tous les objectifs généraux de l'enseignement, l'accent majeur ayant été mis sur l'enseignement des compétences de base. On a relevé certaines différences entre l'avis des étudiants et celui du personnel enseignant et entre les éléments mis en relief dans leurs programmes, ceux-ci ayant été jugés plus conservateurs que les étudiants et les enseignants. Lors de l'évaluation des différentes sources d'influence sur les croyances et les valeurs éducatives des étudiants, il est apparu que l'enseignement aux étudiants et la coopération des enseignants constituaient les sources d'influence les plus puissantes.相似文献
45.
Renee O. Hawkins Stephen D. Kroeger Shobana Musti‐Rao David W. Barnett Justine E. Ward 《Psychology in the schools》2008,45(8):745-762
Marking major changes in professional role performance, response to intervention (RTI) is now in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) as a possible method to improve the identification of specific learning disabilities. Moreover, RTI and related concepts and initiatives have fundamentally influenced more general methods of prevention, instruction and intervention services, and decision making in schools. Although RTI will continue to evolve, core characteristics of RTI that form the basis of state initiatives are well founded in intervention and instructional research and practice. These core characteristics (i.e., data‐based decision making, evidence‐based intervention, teaming, and problem solving) represent skills immediately needed by professionals‐in‐training. This article reports collaboration between school psychology and special education faculty in designing and implementing an integrative field experience in RTI. Training, student, and program outcomes are used summatively for accountability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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47.
This article describes an integrated counseling model that combines both solution-focused and cost-benefit techniques. The model was designed to be used with college students who abuse alcohol. 相似文献
48.
Research examining volunteer motivation and satisfaction has been criticised for the limited explanation of the cognitive and social processes that may underpin the proposed relationships among motivation, satisfaction, performance and retention (Costa, C.A., Chalip, L., Green, B.C., & Simes, C. (2006). Reconsidering the role of training in event volunteers’ satisfaction. Sport Management Review, 9(2), 165–182.; Cuskelly, G., Hoye, R., & Auld, C. (2006). Working with volunteers in sport. Theory and practice. London: Routledge.). Self-determination theory (SDT) (Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.; Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2000a) has proven useful in both for- and not-for-profit domains (e.g., Baard, P.P. (1994). A motivational basis for consulting with not-for-profit organizations: A study of church growth and participation. Consulting Psychology Journal, 46(3), 19–31.; Deci, E.L., Connell, J.P., & Ryan, R.M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organisation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580–590.; Hollembeak, J., & Amorose, A. J. (2005). Percevied coaching behaviors and college athletes’ intrinsic motivation: A test of self-determination theory. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(1), 20–36.) and appears particularly suited to understanding volunteer motivation. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.). Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine sport event volunteers’ motivation and experiences of the motivational climate at a large sport event using self-determination theory. The participants were volunteers at the NZ Master's Games held biannually in Dunedin, NZ. They participated in focus group interviews in which their experiences as volunteers at the event were discussed. In general, the findings support tenets of self-determination theory. Participants reported intrinsic motivation toward volunteering but also forms of extrinsic motivation toward some volunteer tasks. With regard to the motivational climate, volunteers experienced support for their autonomy, and felt that their competence and sense of relatedness were fostered. These findings suggest that SDT is a viable framework for examining volunteer motivation. 相似文献
49.
Using analytic autoethnography, this paper discusses the influences and outcomes that shaped a 30-month project between a Russian and an English university trying to develop a dual-award in educational leadership. It explores the drivers, benefits, hindrances and affordances of international collaboration, before critiquing the literature on contemporary Russian culture. It then maps how various factors including money, language, hospitality, trust, commitment and flexibility affected the project. It concludes that unequal partnerships can result in shared learning, but that programme validation is harder to achieve if either institution imposes unrealistic financial constraints, lacks flexibility, or fails to recruit a high-level champion. 相似文献
50.
We explored 30 Black Kindergarten‐2nd grade students' spoken narratives around pages of their science journals that the children selected as best for showing them as scientists. Because in all narratives, space–time relationships play an important role not only in situating but also in constituting them, we focused on such relationships using Bakhtin's (1981) construct of chronotopes. Our chronotopical analysis aimed at fleshing out the temporal and spatial features that were present in the children's journal pages, and in the children's ways of talking both about these features and about being scientists. Our goal was to better understand ways in which African‐American children identify with science and scientists in particular contexts: an interview with an adult who had visited their class throughout that year and a class where they were offered various opportunities to engage with science. Using six cases that maximized the variety of understandings we could develop vis‐à‐vis our research question, we show how the children's narratives were filled with differing space–time relationships in which the children found ways to showcase their agency. Thus, we provide insights into how the children authored relationships with science and scientists, negotiated the past with the present and possible future, and contextualized their narratives within various time‐spaces that had meaning for them. Moreover, multiple people populated the children's chronotopes and became intertwined with the space–time relationships that underlined their conceptions of themselves vis‐à‐vis science and scientists. Despite the varied conceptions of science and scientists that the children portrayed, their narratives communicated a high level of confidence in being able to do science and be scientists, and initiative in learning. The children's narratives were filled with hope, “able‐ness,” knowledge, affect, and possibility. These findings point to several considerations for practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 49: 568–596, 2012 相似文献