A Factor Analytic Study of the Infant-Toddler and Early Childhood Versions of the HOME Inventory Administered to White, Black, and Hispanic American Parents of Children Born Preterm   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Robert H. Bradley  Daniel J. Mundfrom  Leanne Whiteside  Patrick H. Casey  Kathleen Barrett 《Child development》1994,65(3):880-888

Factor analyses were performed on the Infant-Toddler and the Early Childhood versions of the HOME Inventory for 3 groups (blacks, whites, and Hispanics) of premature, low-birthweight children. Participants lived in 8 different U.S. cities. On the IT-HOME, 5 factors were originally retained for each group using the principal factors method of extraction. Factor structures for blacks and whites were similar, accounting for 85% and 75% of the variance, respectively. The structure for Hispanics was somewhat different; a 7-factor solution accounting for 65% of the variance was most interpretable. For the EC-HOME, 6 factors were retained for both black and white groups, accounting for 80% and 73% of the variance, respectively. For Hispanics, an 8-factor solution accounted for 59% of the variance. The factor structures for blacks and whites were largely in agreement with the current organization of items into subscales. The fit for Hispanics was not quite as good, but most factors also corresponded to current subscales.  相似文献   

The development of trust in residential environmental education programs     

Nicole M. Ardoin  Maria L. DiGiano  Kathleen O’Connor  Timothy E. Podkul 《Environmental Education Research》2017,23(9):1335-1355

Trust, a relational phenomenon that is an important building block of interpersonal relationships and within society, can also be an intermediary outcome of field-based environmental education programs. Trust creates a foundation for collaboration and decision-making, which are core to many ultimate outcomes of environmental education. Yet, understanding how trust develops among environmental education program participants is still nascent, partly because few methods exist for measuring trust in informal contexts, such as those that are common for many environmental education programs. Our study used social network analysis and qualitative data from focus groups, questionnaires, and participant observation to investigate the development of trust among residential environmental education program participants in two school groups, some of whom had initial familiarity with each other. Network data indicated differential increases in peer-to-peer trust among group members when measured at the individual level. Qualitative data from the focus groups highlighted salient dimensions of trust that were particularly relevant in this setting, including friendship, emotional and physical safety, and self-disclosure; reciprocal trust among peers and educators; and aspects of this immersive setting that fostered trust among the participants.  相似文献   

Grounded practice and the design of constructivist learning environments   总被引：7，自引：11，他引：7  

Michael J. Hannafin  Kathleen M. Hannafin  Susan M. Land  Kevin Oliver 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1997,45(3):101-117

A variety of instructional approaches has been studied and implemented across educational and training settings. Vastly different design practices have been proposed that reflect fundamentally different philosophies, beliefs, and biases. Yet, evidence of mismatched frameworks and methods are widespread. This has become particularly problematic in advancing emerging constructivist learning environments. In this paper, we advance the concept of grounded design, a process that involves linking the practices of learning systems design with related theory and research. The purposes of this paper are to introduce the fundamentals of grounded design, to describe how underlying foundations and assumptions can be aligned with the corresponding methods, and to introduce examples of grounded constructivist learning environments.  相似文献   

Questioning power structures and competitiveness in pedagogy insights from North American Indian and Philippine pedagogies     

Roberta Bramwell  Kathleen Foreman 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1993,39(6):561-575

This paper begins with case studies of innovative approaches to the education of Aboriginal Canadian Peoples and Philippine Aboriginal Peoples. These illustrate that, in such situations, where more traditional approaches have little success, the power to design, implement and evaluate educational programs can beneficially be shared between teacher and learner. Learners co-operate with each other in deciding what they need to learn. They examine their own needs and issues and assess their learning in terms of their cultural, economic and community value systems. Leadership is shared with the teacher/facilitators and word, image, number, gesture and sound are all employed to acquire knowledge and to demonstrate what that knowledge means to the group. In this particular enterprise, popular theatre has a major role to play in democratizing the provision of education and in encouraging educational development in circumstances where other approaches have been ineffectual. In the latter part of the paper, a model of education implied by the case studies is constructed and examined to provide alternatives to the traditional views of epistemology, of ethics and of pedagogy based on a notion of democracy as a daily struggle.

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Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beginnt mit Fallstudien über innovative Ansätze zur Bildung kanadischer und philippinischer Einheimischer. Diese Studien belegen, daß dort, wo traditionellere Ansätze wenig Erfolg zeigen, die Aufgaben der Planung, Implementierung und Evaluierung von Bildungsprogrammen zu gegenseitigem Nutzen unter Lehrern und Schülern aufgeteilt werden kann. Die Lernenden arbeiten bei der Entscheidung über ihren Lernbedarf zusammen. Sie bewerten ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse und Ergebnisse, entscheiden über die für sie wichtigen Themenbereiche und schätzen ihre Lernergebnisse in Form eigener kultureller, wirtschaftlicher und gemeinschaftlicher Wertsysteme ein. Schüler, Lehrer und Organisatoren teilen sich die Entscheidung über die Unterrichtsgestaltung; Worte, Bilder, Zahlen, Gesten und Töne werden dazu genutzt, Wissen zu erwerben und die Bedeutung dieser Kenntnisse für die Gruppe aufzuzeigen. Bei diesem speziellen Unternehmen spielt das Volkstheater eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Demokratisierung des Bildungsangebots und für den Anreiz zur Weiterentwicklung der Bildung in Bereichen, in denen andere Ansätze erfolglos blieben. Im Schlußteil wird ein durch die Fallstudien angeregtes Bildungsmodell entworfen und untersucht, um aufgrund täglichen Bemühens um eine Demokratie Alternativen zu traditionellen Ansichten über Epistemologie, Ethik und Pädagogik zu bieten.

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Résumé Le présent article commence par des études de cas d'approches novatrices de l'enseignement destiné aux peuples indigènes du Canada et des Philippines. Elles montrent que dans les situations où les approches plus traditionnelles ont moins de succès, le pouvoir de conception, d'exécution et d'évaluation des programmes d'éducation peut être avantageusement partagé entre enseignant et apprenant. Les apprenants coopèrent les uns avec les autres pour définir ce qu'ils doivent apprendre. Ils examinent leurs propres besoins et problèmes et évaluent leur apprentissage en fonction de leurs systèmes de valeurs culturelles, économiques et communautaires. La direction est assurée à la fois par les apprenants l'enseignant et les facilitateurs, et le mot, l'image, le nombre, le geste et le son sont tous mis à contribution pour acquérir les connaissances et pour expliquer ce qu'elles signifient pour le groupe en question. Dans cette entreprise particulière, le théâtre populaire a un rôle majeur à jouer dans la démocratisation de l'offre d'éducation et dans la promotion du développement de l'éducation là où d'autres approches n'ont pas réussi. Dans la dernière partie de l'article, on construit et on examine un modèle d'éducation à partir des études de cas pour offrir des solutions de rechange aux vues traditionnelles de l'épistémologie, de l'éthique et de la pédagogie fondées sur une notion de la démocratie vue en tant que lutte quotidienne.

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Young people learning about health: the role of apps and wearable devices     

Victoria A. Goodyear  Kathleen M. Armour  Hannah Wood 《Learning, Media and Technology》2019,44(2):193-210

ABSTRACT

Young people’s engagement with digital health technologies is dominated by risk narratives. Yet, there are very limited understandings, from the perspectives of young people, about the health-related issues and opportunities generated by digital health technologies. This article presents new evidence on the types of health-related apps and devices young people find, select and use, and the reasons for their choices. Data were generated from a participatory mixed method design with 245 young people (age 13–18). The data were analysed using a content-led pedagogical framework. The data illustrate, vividly, young people’s agency in digital health contexts and the complexity and fluidity of young people’s decision-making. Schools, PE lessons and sport, as well as family members and peers, were powerful influencers on young people’s digital health-related knowledge and behaviours. It is argued that better understanding young people’s agency in digital health contexts offers important insights into developing effective health-related pedagogies.  相似文献   

Conflict and Friendship Relations in Middle Childhood: Behavior in a Closed-Field Situation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Willard W. Hartup  Doran C. French  Brett Laursen  Mary Kathleen Johnston  John R. Ogawa 《Child development》1993,64(2):445-454

Disagreements between school-aged children were examined as a function of friendship status. 66 same-sex dyads were selected, including equal numbers of "best friends" and nonfriends, who were then observed while playing a board game (a closed-field situation). Conflicts occurred more frequently among friends than among nonfriends and lasted longer. Friends did not talk more during their conflicts than nonfriends, but assertions were used selectively according to friendship and sex: With friends, girls used assertions accompanied by rationales more frequently than boys whereas boys used assertions without rationales more frequently than girls. These sex differences were not evident during conflicts between nonfriends. Results are discussed in relation to the social constraints intrinsic to closed-field competitive conditions as these apply to friendship relations in middle childhood.  相似文献   

Sexually dimorphic extinction of a conditioned taste aversion in rats     

Kathleen C. Chambers  Cord B. Sengstake 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(2):181-185

The existence of a sexual dimorphism in the extinction of conditioned taste aversions in both fluid-deprived and nondeprived rats was investigated. When nondeprived rats were poisoned with LiCl after consuming a sucrose solution, males extinguished the subsequent conditioned taste aversion more slowly than females. There was no difference in the rate of extinction of a LiCl-induced conditioned taste aversion in fluid-deprived rats. Using marihuana extract distillate as the toxin, it was shown that the dimorphism found in the nondeprived rats is not a toxin-specific effect, and does not appear to be due to the males being made more ill. Possible explanations for the appearance of the dimorphism and its relation to the deprivational state of the organism are discussed.  相似文献   

Perspectives on Childrearing Competence     

Robert Strom  Kathleen McCalla 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1988,35(3):155-164

Some families cannot rely on children's intellectual achievement as a prime indicator of parenting success. This study juxtaposes how well 130 parents of mildly mentally handicapped children are doing in their own estimate and the opinion of 21 key school personnel. A surprisingly high level of home‐school disagreement is identified along with implications for more effective collaboration.  相似文献   

Stability and change in attachment security across adolescence   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Allen JP  McElhaney KB  Kuperminc GP  Jodl KM 《Child development》2004,75(6):1792-1805

This study examined both continuity and familial, intrapsychic, and environmental predictors of change in adolescent attachment security across a 2-year period from middle to late adolescence. Assessments included the Adult Attachment Interview, observed mother-adolescent interactions, test-based data, and adolescent self-reports obtained from an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of moderately at-risk adolescents interviewed at ages 16 and 18. Substantial stability in security was identified. Beyond this stability, however, relative declines in attachment security were predicted by adolescents' enmeshed, overpersonalizing behavior with their mothers; depressive symptoms; and poverty status. Results suggest that although security may trend upward for nonstressed adolescents, stressors that overwhelm the capacity for affect regulation and that are not easily assuaged by parents predict relative declines in security over time.  相似文献   

Enhancing the quality of early childhood education: A follow-up evaluation of an experiential, collaborative training model for head start     

John Fantuzzo  Stephanie Childs  Virginia Hampton  Marika Ginsburg-Block  Kathleen Coyle Coolahan  Darlena Debnam 《Early childhood research quarterly》1997,12(4):425-437

The study is a follow-up evaluation of a Collaborative Training curriculum for Head Start. The previous curriculum was enhanced by adding parent exemplars and demonstrations in trainees' classrooms. Two Head Start teachers and two parent volunteers from each of 70 classrooms were randomly assigned to either the enhanced Collaborative Training (CT) or Workshop Training (WT) approach. CT teachers and parents were involved conjointly in experiential training that included receiving guided practice and feedback from exemplary peers. WT consisted of a series of workshops conducted by outside trainers for separate groups of parents and teachers. Training methods were compared with respect to (a) trainees' reports of satisfaction with training and collaboration, and (b) observed levels of adult-adult and adult-child classroom interactions. CT teachers and parents reported significantly greater levels of satisfaction with the training, as well as significantly greater levels of collaboration than WT participants. Teacher-teacher and parent-teacher observations indicate that CT trainees showed higher levels of positive classroom interactions than WT trainees. With respect to adultchild classroom interactions, CT teachers demonstrated significantly more praise, supportive physical contact, and positive interactions in instruction than WT teachers. CT parents showed higher levels of adult-child classroom interactions across all observed categories compared to their WT counterparts. Implications of these findings for further research were discussed.  相似文献