Preschoolers Reduce Inequality While Favoring Individuals With More     

Vivian Li  Brian Spitzer  Kristina R. Olson 《Child development》2014,85(3):1123-1133

Inequalities are everywhere, yet little is known about how children respond to people affected by inequalities. This article explores two responses—minimizing inequalities and favoring those who are advantaged by them. In Studies 1a (N = 37) and 1b (N = 38), 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds allocated a resource to a disadvantaged recipient, but judged advantaged recipients more positively. In Studies 4 (N = 38) and 5 (N = 74), a delay occurred between seeing the inequality and allocating resources, or stating a preference, during which time participants forgot who was initially more advantaged. Children then favored advantaged recipients on the preference and resource allocation measures, suggesting an implicit “affective tagging” mechanism drives the tendency to favor the advantaged. In contrast, reducing inequalities through resource allocation appears to require explicit reasoning.  相似文献   

Accuracy of a screening instrument to identify potential child abuse in emergency departments     

Eveline C.F.M. Louwers  Ida J. Korfage  Marjo J. Affourtit  Madelon Ruige  Annette P.M. van den Elzen  Harry J. de Koning  Henriëtte A. Moll 《Child abuse & neglect》2014

Although screening for child abuse at emergency departments (EDs) increases the detection rate of potential child abuse, an accurate instrument is lacking. This study was designed to measure the accuracy of a screening instrument for detection of potential child abuse used in EDs. In a prospective cohort study at three Dutch EDs, a 6-item screening instrument for child abuse, Escape, was completed for each child visiting the ED. The data from the completed Escape instrument was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and the positive/negative predictive value per item. The clinical notes and conclusions of the screen instruments of all potentially abused children reported to the hospitals’ Child Abuse Teams were collected and reviewed by an expert panel. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the predictors of potential abuse. Completed Escape instruments were available for 18,275 ED visits. Forty-four of the 420 children with a positive screening result, and 11 of the 17,855 children with a negative result were identified as potentially abused. Sensitivity of the Escape instrument was 0.80 and specificity was 0.98. Univariate logistic regression showed that potentially abused children were significantly more likely to have had an aberrant answer to at least one of the items, OR = 189.8, 95% CI [97.3, 370.4]. Most of the children at high risk for child abuse were detected through screening. The Escape instrument is a useful tool for ED staff to support the identification of those at high risk for child abuse.  相似文献   

Adult Attachment; Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Identity; and Sexual Attitudes of Nonheterosexual Individuals     

Chia‐Chih DC Wang  Codi L. Schale  Kristina K. Broz 《Journal of College Counseling》2010,13(1):31-49

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) college students from 12 university campuses (N = 177) participated in this study that examined the relationships between adult attachment, LGB identity, and sexual attitudes. Findings indicated that adult attachment was significantly related to LGB identity and sexual attitudes and that an LGB identity variable moderated the relationship between attachment avoidance and sexual permissiveness attitudes. Findings, counseling implications, and future research directions are discussed in terms of attachment and LGB identity theory.  相似文献   

A view from the inside: Collaborating with students to flip the classroom in real time     

Staci M. Zavattaro  Kristina Kus  Jason Lademann  Elizabeth Peeple-Briggs 《College Teaching》2018,66(2):88-97

This article details decisions made to flip a small, public administration graduate-level course in real time. Interweaving student feedback with instructor notes and reflections gives a unique, personal look into a scenario-based course that changed weekly. We detail this dynamism, highlighting successes and failures in flipping the classroom. Students were positively able to apply administrative theories in real time but struggled to maintain relevance and connection to the readings. The narrative details how we all collaborated on an innovative pedagogical practice to apply public sector theories in real time.  相似文献   

Gendered distribution of ‘knowledge required for empowerment’ in Swedish vocational education curricula?     

Kristina Ledman  Per-Åke Rosvall  Mattias Nylund 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2018,70(1):85-106

Sweden is internationally commended for a high degree of gender equality, but many divisions in Swedish society, including the labour market, disadvantage women. This paper addresses gendered divisions of preparation for civic participation in the vocational upper secondary national curricula, which may participate in reproduction of the pattern. In a comparative analysis of the curriculum guidelines for different vocational upper secondary programmes, we focus on the inclusion of important knowledge for empowerment and how knowledge is contextualised in terms of valued labour positions. We deploy Bernstein’s concepts of horizontal and vertical discourse and Connell’s concepts of production, consumption and gendered accumulation. A general finding is that vertical discourse is contextualised towards discourses of consumption in girl-dominated programmes and towards discourses of production in boy-dominated programmes. Boy-dominated programmes include more knowledge that can be clearly classified in recognised disciplines or fields, whereas girl-dominated programmes include courses of undefined knowledge, such as creativity and entrepreneurship. We conclude that the vocational curricula reinforce rather than challenge existing gender structures in the labour market and wider society. In a historical perspective, it can be concluded that Swedish vocational education policy has a continuum of ‘gender-blindness', and thus confirming with wider norms.  相似文献   

Examining the association between procrastination and decreases in academic achievement during the transition from high school to university: a piecewise growth model     

Kljajic  Kristina  Gaudreau  Patrick 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2023,38(3):1011-1030

European Journal of Psychology of Education - The grades of students have been shown to severely decrease during the transition from high school to university. Although past findings have shown...  相似文献   

Would you Bribe your Lecturer? A Quasi-experimental Study on Burnout and Bribery in Higher Education     

Weißmüller  Kristina S.  De Waele  Lode 《Research in higher education》2022,63(5):768-796

Research in Higher Education - Bribery is a complex and critical issue in higher education (HE), causing severe economic and societal harm. Traditionally, most scholarship on HE corruption has...  相似文献