Peabody bimonthly booknotes     

Stewart Fraser  Richard W. Boyce  R. C. Paxson  J. Isaac Copeland  Clifton L. Hall  Lawrence S. Wrightsman 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(2):120-128

Behind the Iron Curtain. Joseph S. Roucek and Kenneth V. Lottich. (Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers, 1964. Pp. 631. $8.95.)

Year‐Round Education. Clarence A. Schoenfield and Neil Schmitz. (Madison, Wisconsin: Dembar Educational Research Services, 1964. Pp. 111. $3.00, paper.)

The University of Kentucky: The Maturing Years. Charles Gano Talbert. (Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Press, 1965. Pp. 208. $5.00.)

Montessori for Parents. Dorothy Canfield Fisher. (Cambridge, Mass.: Robert Bentley, Inc., 1965. Pp. 240. $5.95.)

The Montessori Manual for Teachers and Parents. Dorothy Canfield Fisher. (Cambridge, Mass.: Robert Bentley, Inc., 1965. Pp. 126. $5.00.)

The Montessori Elementary Material. Maria Montessori. (Cambridge, Mass.: Robert Bentley, Inc., 1964. Pp. 464. $8.50.)

The Montessori Method. Maria Montessori. (Cambridge, Mass.: Robert Bentley, Inc., 1964. Pp. 377. $6.50.)

Spontaneous Activity in Education. Maria Montessori. (Cambridge, Mass.: Robert Bentley, Inc., 1964. Pp. 355. $6.50.)

The Concepts of Over‐and‐Underachievement. Robert L. Thorndike. (New York: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1963. Pp. 79. $3.25.)

Handbook of Research on Teaching. N. S. Gage, editor. (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1963. Pp. 1218. $15.00.)  相似文献   

A Cross-cultural Study of Classroom Learning Environments in Australia and Taiwan     

Aldridge  Jill  Fraser  Barry 《Learning Environments Research》2000,3(2):101-134

This research is distinctive in that it not only provides an example of one of the few cross-cultural studies in science education, but also it used multiple research methods from different paradigms in exploring classroom learning environments in Taiwan and Australia. This article describes the validation and use of an English and Mandarin version of the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire in junior high school science classes in Australia and Taiwan. When the WIHIC was administered to 1,081 students in 50 classes in Australia and to 1,879 students in 50 classes in Taiwan, data analysis supported the reliability and factorial validity of the questionnaire, and revealed differences between Taiwanese and Australian classrooms. Although the study commenced from a more positivistic framework, favouring a more objectivist view, as the study progressed, it employed an interpretative framework and drew on elements of constructivist and critical theory paradigms. This article outlines the researchers' use of multiple research methods including classroom observations, in-depth interviews and narratives. The themes which emerged from the data gathered using these methods helped to make sense of classroom environments that were created in each country.

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Reviews Editorial: Aesthetics,aesthetic     

Rechard Hickman  Fraser Smith 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》1994,13(1):87-87

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The Dream Shattered: America's Seventies Musicals     

Barbara Means Fraser 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1989,12(3):31-37

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The sbelling of sdops: Preliterate children’s spelling of stops after /s/     

Rachel Hannam  Helen Fraser  Brian Byrne 《Reading and writing》2007,20(4):399-412

Newly literate children have a tendency to spell s-stop sequences in words like spin, stop, sky with B, D, G (SBIN, SDOP, SGY), rather than with standard P, T, K. This observation potentially has implications for theories of English phonology as well as of language and literacy acquisition. Understanding these implications, however, requires data about the spelling preferences of preliterate children. In this study, a training-and-transfer design was used to test these spelling preferences in preliterate children. Results confirm that these children relate words with stops after /s/ to words with initial /b, d, g/ rather than to words with initial /p, t, k/. The paper outlines several possible interpretations: that preliterate children have a different phonemic analysis from adults, that they believe spelling represents archiphonemes that they believe spelling represents allophones, and that their early spelling attempts track the phonetic surface. The data suggest rejection of the second interpretation and in our view favour the last over the remaining interpretations. Several theoretical issues are raised that need to be resolved before a full account of the data can be offered.  相似文献   

Administration Et Controle De L'Education En Chine     

Stewart E. Fraser 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1976,22(4):491-501

Résumé Avec plus de deux cents millions d'inscrits dans le primaire, le secondaire et le supérieur, la Chine peut se vanter de posséder la population scolaire la plus importante du monde. Celui-ci requiert la participation de quelque huit millions d'enseignants desservant plusieurs milliers d'établissements. Une personne sur quatre au moins étudie à temps plein dans ce pays où la moyenne d'âge de la population est légèrement inférieure à 25 ans. Le Ministère de l'Education à Pékin n'emploie guère plus de deux cents cadres administratifs et pédagogues. Ce modeste groupe constitue le coeur du système. Toutefois, il y a en outre de par la Chine environ un million de travailleurs qui, d'une manière ou d'une autre, desservent et entretiennent le système à l'échelon provincial, communal et cantonal, ainsi qu'à celui du quartier ou de chaque école. Peu d'autres organes étatiques chinois utilisent un corps aussi diversifié de travailleurs spécialisés engagés dans une entreprise de si grande envergure. Dans ce système, les unités scolaires sont censées être leur propre moteur et tirer leur orientation de leur propre sein. Les deux millions d'écoles primaires et secondaires du premier cycle, ainsi que les quatre cents universités et collèges universitaires qui forment l'ensemble du système sont dirigés par des Comités Révolutionnaires représentant l'éventail complet des principales composantes de la société chinoise d'aujourd'hui: ouvriers, paysans et soldats, enseignants, étudiants et parents d'élèves. Cette mesure de décentralisation des pouvoirs administratifs se révèle comme l'un des majeurs bénéfices apportés par la Révolution Culturelle dans le domaine de l'éducation. Présence universelle, le Parti communiste chinois donne les directives politiques et les orientations idéologiques pour l'administration de ce système.

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China, with over two hundred million students enrolled in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions, boasts the world's largest educational system. It involves some eight million teachers, who serve a myriad of schools and colleges. At least one person in every four is a full-time student in a country which has a median population of just under 25 years of age. The Ministry of Education in Peking is modestly staffed by some two hundred administrative cadres and educational workers, who form the heart of the system. However, throughout China there are approximately a further million workers who, in a variety of ways, service and maintain the system at the province, commune, district, county and individual school level. Few other governmental services in China include such a diverse corps of professional workers involved in such a widespread enterprise. Individual school units in the system are expected to generate much of their imputs and direction from within. The two million primary and middle schools and the four hundred universities and colleges which make up the system are run by Revolutionary Committees representing all the principal elements involved in Chinese society today, namely workers, peasants and soldiers, as well as teachers, students and parents. The measure of decentralization of policy making and administrative responsibility has turned out to be one of the main educational benefits of the Cultural Revolution. Ubiquitously, the Chinese Communist Party provides the ideological underpinning and political direction for the administration of the system.

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Zusammenfassung China, mit über zweihundert Millionen Studenten in den Primar-, Sekundar- und Tertiärinstitutionen, kann sich des grössten Bildungssystems der Welt rühmen. Etwa elf Millionen Lehrer sind daran beteiligt, die in einer Myriade von Schulen und Colleges unterrichten. Mindestens jeder vierte ist in Ausbildung in einem Lande, wo der mittlere Alterdurchschnitt gerade unter 25 Jahren liegt. Das Erziehungsministerium in Peking ist personell bescheiden ausgerüstet mit etwa zweihundert Verwaltungskadern und pädagogischen Arbeitern, die das Herz des Systems bilden. Doch in ganz China selbst gibt es noch einmal etwa eine Million weiterer Arbeiter, die, in verschiedener Art und Weise, das System auf dem Provinz-, Kommunen-, Distrikt-, Bezirks- und Schulniveau bedienen und aufrechterhalten. Nur einige wenige Regierungsdienste in China beinhalten solch ein verschiedenartiges Korps an professionellen Arbeitern, die in einem so weitverbreiteten Unternehmen tätig sind. Von individuellen Schuleinheiten im System wird erwartet, dass sie viel von ihrem Einfluss und ihrer Richtung aus sich selbst erzeugen. Die zwei Millionen Primar- und Mittelschulen und die vierhundert Universitäten und Colleges, aus denen das System besteht, werden von Revolutionskommittees geleitet, die die Hauptgruppen der heutigen chinesischen Gesellschaft widerspiegeln, nämlich Arbeiter, Bauern und Soldaten, sowie Lehrer, Studenten, Schüler und Eltern. Dezentralisierung der politischen Entscheidung und der Verwaltungsverantwortung stellt sich als einer der Hauptvorteile der Kulturrevolution heraus. Überall stellt die chinesische kommunistische Partei die ideologische Basis und die politischen Direktiven zur Verwaltung des Systems auf.

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ROBERT FERGUSSON AND THE SCOTTISH PERIODICAL PRESS     

W. Hamish Fraser 《Media History》2013,19(1):118-119

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Cleaning tests of central Illinois coal     

Thomas Fraser  H.F. Yancey 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1926,201(2):256-257

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Headteachers in a New Context: integrated schools in Northern Ireland     

Valerie Morgan  Seamus Dunn  Grace Fraser  Ed Cairns 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1992,22(2):215-226

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Environmental factors affecting attitude toward different sources of scientific information     

Barry J. Fraser 《科学教学研究杂志》1978,15(6):491-497

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