Sports and Naiveté     

Jeffrey P. Fry 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):219-231

Abstract

This paper examines varieties of naiveté manifested in the world of sport. In particular, I examine epistemological, ethical, and metaphysical naiveté. My contention is that virtually from cradle to grave forms of naiveté toward sport are present. We are tempted and all too often succumb to the temptation to accept appearances. But the initial appearances of sport often disappoint, and the underlying reality that confronts us is sometimes a hard reality. Faced with disappointment and exposed illusions, one’s next step may be to adopt a hermeneutics of suspicion towards sport. There is no going back to the earlier naive stance. But is this the final word on the matter? Once one has adopted a critical perspective towards sport, is it possible to join the hermeneutics of suspicion to what Wendy Doniger refers to as a “hermeneutics of retrieval”? That is, after the first naiveté toward sport is exposed as inadequate, is it possible to arrive at what the philosopher Paul Ricoeur calls a “second naiveté” that allows one to appreciate, in a renewed and legitimate way, a phenomenon such as sport, subsequent to the loss of layers of innocence? In this paper I examine whether, in the case of sport, this can be done with integrity.  相似文献   

Effects of caffeine on time trial performance in sedentary men     

George Laurence  Karen Wallman  Kym Guelfi 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1235-1240

Abstract

It is not known if ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion in athletic groups occur in the sedentary. To investigate this, we used a counterbalanced, double-blind, crossover design to examine the effects of caffeine ingestion (6 mg · kg^?1 body-mass) on exercise performance, substrate utilisation and perceived exertion during 30 minutes of self-paced stationary cycling in sedentary men. Participants performed two trials, one week apart, after ingestion of either caffeine or placebo one hour before exercise. Participants were instructed to cycle as quickly as they could during each trial. External work (J · kg^?1) after caffeine ingestion was greater than after placebo (P = 0.001, effect size [ES] = 0.3). Further, heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure during exercise were greater after caffeine ingestion (P = 0.031, ES = 0.4; P = 0.009, ES = 0.3 and P = 0.018, ES = 0.3; respectively), whereas ratings of perceived exertion and respiratory exchange ratio values did not differ between trials (P = 0.877, ES = 0.1; P = 0.760, ES = 0.1; respectively). The ability to do more exercise after caffeine ingestion, without an accompanying increase in effort sensation, could motivate sedentary men to participate in exercise more often and so reduce adverse effects of inactivity on health.  相似文献   

Effects of caffeine on time trial performance in sedentary men     

Laurence G  Wallman K  Guelfi K 《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(12):1235-1240

Abstract It is not known if ergogenic effects of caffeine ingestion in athletic groups occur in the sedentary. To investigate this, we used a counterbalanced, double-blind, crossover design to examine the effects of caffeine ingestion (6 mg?·?kg(-1) body-mass) on exercise performance, substrate utilisation and perceived exertion during 30 minutes of self-paced stationary cycling in sedentary men. Participants performed two trials, one week apart, after ingestion of either caffeine or placebo one hour before exercise. Participants were instructed to cycle as quickly as they could during each trial. External work (J?·?kg(-1)) after caffeine ingestion was greater than after placebo (P?=?0.001, effect size [ES]?=?0.3). Further, heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure during exercise were greater after caffeine ingestion (P?=?0.031, ES?=?0.4; P?=?0.009, ES?=?0.3 and P?=?0.018, ES?=?0.3; respectively), whereas ratings of perceived exertion and respiratory exchange ratio values did not differ between trials (P?=?0.877, ES?=?0.1; P?=?0.760, ES?=?0.1; respectively). The ability to do more exercise after caffeine ingestion, without an accompanying increase in effort sensation, could motivate sedentary men to participate in exercise more often and so reduce adverse effects of inactivity on health.  相似文献   

Writing the building program: the signifiance of "AND"     

A Fry 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1971,59(1):77-81

Various requirements in the writing of a building program are discussed, by which the various parts of the library can function together. The interrelationship of functions, services, users, and materials should be carefully studied and diagrammed. The various groups involved in the library should be consulted for suggestions, and present procedures examined for value.  相似文献   

Relations between educational research,policy, planning and implementation: The Thai experience     

Sippanondha Ketudat  Gerald Fry 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1981,27(2):141-152

The relations between educational research, policy, planning and implementation in Thailand are the topic of this paper. The major focus is on the research/policy linkage. A complex educational administrative structure and a pluralistic informal power structure characterize the Thai research context. A tetrahedral model of linkages provides the conceptual framework for the analysis. Details are then provided with respect to the actual operationalization of the model in terms of the Thai approach in practice. Major elements in the Thai approach include the use of expert policy committees, joint committees involving both administrators and researchers, problem-oriented seminars, and commissioned research. Actual examples of research efforts described are an educational reform study, local level school mapping, a school cluster experiment, a budget exercise to improve the equity of primary school resource allocations, and a policy evaluation of sub-district secondary schools. Finally, lessons to be learned from the Thai experience are summarized. Thailand has experienced some success in building analytical educational research capacity and ensuring its utilization. Key elements in this success have been an emphasis on strengthening human capacities; judging political will in a timely, flexible manner; creatively utilizing bureaucratic forms such as committees; and remaining both politically detached and sensitive.

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Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel befaßt sich mit den Beziehungen zwischen erziehungswissenschaftlicher Forschung, Bildungspolitik, Planung und Durchführung in Thailand. Der Nachdruck liegt auf der Verbindung von Forschung und Politik. Hervorstechende Merkmale des Thai Hintergrunds für Bildungsforschung sind die komplizierte Verwaltungsstruktur und die pluralistische, informelle Struktur der Kompetenzen im Bildungswesen. Ein tetraedrisches Modell der Beziehungen liefert den Rahmen für die Analyse. Dann werden Einzelheiten über die Operationalisierung des Modells aus der Praxis aufgeführt. Zu den Hauptelementen dieser Praxis gehören: Experten-Ausschüße für Bildungspolitik; gemeinsame Ausschüße von Forschern und Administratoren; problem-orientierte Seminare; und Forschungsaufträge. Es folgt eine Beschreibung der folgenden Beispiele von Forschungstätigkeiten: eine Bildungsreform-Studie; ein Plan für Schulkapazitäten auf regionaler Ebene; ein Experiment mit einer Gruppe von Schulen; ein Etat-Versuch, die Zuteilung von Mitteln für Primarschulen gleichwertiger zu gestalten; und eine Evaluation der Grundsätze für die Sekundarschulen von Landkreisen. Zum Schluß werden die aus der Erfahrung von Thailand abzuleitenden Lehren zusammengefaßt. Thailand hat einige Erfolge beim Aufbau analytischer Bildungsforschungs-Kapazität sowie bei der Anwendung derselben zu verzeichnen. Dieser Erfolg beruht hauptsächlich auf einer Verstärkung der personellen Kapazitäten; zeitgemäßer, flexibler Beurteilung des politischen Willens; kreativem Gebrauch bürokratischer Formen, wie z.B. Ausschüße; und eine politisch unabhängige und sensitive Einstellung.

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Résumé Cet article est consacré aux relations entre la recherche, la politique, la planification et la mise en pratique dans le domaine de l'éducation en Thaïlande. L'accent est plus particulièrement mis sur les liens entre la recherche et la politique. Le contexte de la recherche Thaï est caractérisé par une structure administrative complexe du système éducatif ainsi que par une structure du pouvoir pluraliste et informelle. Un modèle tétraédrique de systèmes de liaison fournit la charpente conceptuelle pour l'analyse. Des détails sont donnés concernant la mise en oeuvre du modèle en respectant les conceptions locales. Les principaux éléments de l'approche Thaï sont les comités d'experts chargés de la politique éducationnelle, les comités mixtes composés d'administrateurs et de chercheurs, les séminaires spécialisés, et les recherches sous contrat. L'auteur fournit des exemples concrets des efforts de la recherche: une étude de réforme de l'éducation, une répartition des écoles à l'échelon local, une expérimentation scolaire collective, un budget prévoyant une répartition équitable entre les écoles primaires, et une évaluation de la politique mise en pratique dans les écoles secondaires de sous-divisions régionales. Enfin, les leçons que l'on peut tirer de l'expérience Thaï sont brièvement résumées. La Thaïlande a obtenu quelques succès en forgeant un potentiel de recherche analytique en matière d'éducation et en assurant sa mise en oeuvre. Les éléments clés de ce succès ont été l'importance accordée au renforcement du potentiel humain; la détermination souple et opportune de la volonté politique; l'utilisation créative de formes bureaucratiques telles que les comités; l'attitude vigilante et attentive aux nécessités de la politique mais prudente et conservant le recul indispensable à un jugement objectif.

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Mathematics test color and student performance     

Carol J. Fry 《Performance Improvement》1990,29(1):32-34

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Pariah or Paragon? student teachers' evaluations of enrolling mentally ill students     

Dene S. Berman  Patricia Brown Fry 《Psychology in the schools》1978,15(4):529-532

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Usability Testing for e-Resource Discovery: How Students Find and Choose e-Resources Using Library Web Sites   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Amy Fry  Linda Rich 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2011,37(5):386-401

In early 2010, library staff at Bowling Green State University (BGSU) in Ohio designed and conducted a usability study of key parts of the library web site, focusing on the web pages generated by the library's electronic resources management system (ERM) that list and describe the library's databases. The goal was to discover how users find and choose e-resources and identify ways the library could improve access to e-resources through its web site. This article outlines the usability study conducted at BGSU, presents its conclusions about how students at BGSU find and choose databases, contextualizes these findings with other current research about user behavior, and makes recommendations for increasing student use of library e-resources.  相似文献   

Improving Throughput, Reducing Lead Time, and Managing Constraints: A Computer Simulation–Based Exercise     

Patrick W. Shannon  Phillip C. Fry 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2003,1(2):313-316

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Simulation in Curriculum Planning     

Karen L. Fry 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(1):85-91

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