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161.
This paper employs the Burkean notion of sociological criticism as a means of studying the discourse associated with the 1984 national nominating conventions. Through the use of the “mirroring” anecdote the findings indicate that the two parties organized narratives that followed distinct assessments of political reality as the Democrats told a story following a “fear and fairness” theme while the Republicans relied on a “prosperity and patriotism” theme.  相似文献   
162.
Abstract

This narrative chronicles the continued evolution and development of the Rhode Island Early Childhood Summer Institute, an intensive 5‐day inservice professional development program designed for educational leaders from various sectors of the early care and education field. The goal is to review the continued use of successful practices implemented in the 1993 through 1997 programs and to highlight new programmatic features that were introduced in the most recent 2000 and 2001 programs. The Rhode Island Early Childhood Summer Institute program may serve as a model to others responsible for designing inservice professional development experiences to enhance the capacity of the early childhood workforce.  相似文献   
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Book reviews     

Mike Huggins, Flat Racing and British Society, 1790–1914: A Social and Economic History (London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2000). Pp. xv + 270, 25 illustrations, index. £39.50/$57.50 (cloth); £17.50/$26.50 (paper). ISBN 0–7146–4982–1; 0–7146–8045–1.

Bill Mallon and Ian Buchanan, The 1908 Olympic Games: Results for All Competitions in All Events, with Commentary (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2000). Pp. xx + 516, index. $45.00. ISBN 0–7864–0598–8.

Randy Shaw. Reclaiming America: Nike, Clean Air, and the New National Activism (University of California Press, 1999). Pp. ix + 312, index. ISBN 0–520–21359–9.

Mark Douglas Lowes, Inside the Sports Pages: Work Routines, Professional Ideologies, and the Manufacture of Sports News (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999). Pp. xiii + 126, index, bibliography. $40.00 (cloth); $16.95 (paper). ISBN 0–8020–4359–3; 0–8020–8183–5.

C. Gaddy, An Olympic Journey: The Saga of an American Hero: LeRoy T. Walker. (Griffin Publishing Group: California, 1998). Pp. xiv + 265, illustrations, bibliographical references, achievements. $24.95. ISBN 1–882180–92–5.

William Marshall, Baseball's Pivotal Era, 1945–1951 (Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1999). Pp. xii + 513, 81 photographs, index. $29.95. ISBN 0–8131–2041–1.

Bob Allen with Bill Gilbert, The 500 Home Run Club: Baseball's 15 Greatest Home Run Hitters from Aaron to Williams (Champaign, IL: Sports Publishing Inc., 1999). Pp. x + 273, photographs. $22.95. ISBN 1582610312.

Simon Rae, W.G. Grace: A Life (London, Faber and Faber, 1999). Pp. xx + 548, 30 illustrations, index. £20.00 (cloth); £9.99 (paper). ISBN 0–571–17855–3; 0–571–19573‐ 3.

David W. Anderson. More Than Merkle: A History of the Best and Most Exciting Baseball Season in Human History (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2000). Pp. xxx + 285, 17 photographs, bibliography, index, $29.95. ISBN 0–8032–1056–6.

Joanna Avery and Julie Stevens, Too Many Men on the Ice: Women's Hockey in North America (Vancouver: Polestar Book Publishers, 1997). Pp. 286, 62 photographs, 37 tables, index, bibliography. CANS 19.95; US$ 16.95. ISBN 1–896095–33‐X.

John Fizel, Elizabeth Gustafson and Lawrence Hadley (eds.), Sports Economics: Current Research. (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 1999). Pp. xiv + 246, index, bibliography. $59.95. ISBN 0–275–96330–6.

Frank P. Jozsa, Jr. and John J. Guthrie, Jr., Relocating Teams and Expanding Leagues in Professional Sports: How the Major Leagues Respond to Market Conditions (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 1999). Pp. 206, index, bibliography. $59.95. ISBN 1–56720–193–8.

Adrian Shubert, Death and Money in the Afternoon: A History of the Spanish Bullfight (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). Pp. 270, 17 illustrations, 2 appendices, index. $25.00. ISBN 0–19–509524–3.

Cindy S. Aron, Working at Play: A History of Vacations in the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999). Pp. xii + 324. 30 photographs, index. $35.00. ISBN 019–5055845.

L. Koppett, Koppett's Concise History of Major League Baseball (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998). Pp. xiv + 521, index. $34.95. ISBN 1–56639–638–7. J.H. Bready, Baseball in Baltimore: The First 100 Years (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). Pp. ix + 242, photographs throughout, index. $34.95. ISBN 0–9018–5833‐X.

L. Koppett, Koppett's Concise History of Major League Baseball (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1998). Pp. xiv + 521, index. $34.95. ISBN 1–56639–638–7. J.H. Bready, Baseball in Baltimore: The First 100 Years (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). Pp. ix + 242, photographs throughout, index. $34.95. ISBN 0–9018–5833‐X.

J. Zoss and J. Bowman, Diamonds in the Rough: The Untold History of Baseball (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1996). Pp. xiv + 433, many photographs, index. $16.95. ISBN 0–8092–3234–0. M. Stang and L. Harkness, Baseball by the Numbers: A Guide to the Uniform Numbers of Major League Teams. American Sports History Series, No. 4 (Lanham, MD and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1997). Pp. xix + 1125, 8 photographs. ISBN 0–8108–3054‐X.

R. Ruck, The Tropic of Baseball: Baseball in the Dominican Republic (Lincoln and London: Nebraska University Press, 1999). Pp. xx + 215, 19 photographs, 3 maps, index. $12.00. ISBN 0–8032–8978–2.

D.Q. Voigt, The League That Failed. American Sports History Series, No. 10 (Lanham, MD and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1998). Pp. xiv + 322, 23 photographs, index. $45.00. ISBN 0–8108–3309–3.

J. Zoss and J. Bowman, Diamonds in the Rough: The Untold History of Baseball (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1996). Pp. xiv + 433, many photographs, index. $16.95. ISBN 0–8092–3234–0.

M. Stang and L. Harkness, Baseball by the Numbers: A Guide to the Uniform Numbers of Major League Teams. American Sports History Series, No. 4 (Lanham, MD and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1997). Pp. xix + 1125, 8 photographs. ISBN 0–8108–3054‐X.

R. Ruck, The Tropic of Baseball: Baseball in the Dominican Republic (Lincoln and London: Nebraska University Press, 1999). Pp. xx + 215, 19 photographs, 3 maps, index. $12.00. ISBN 0–8032–8978–2.

D.Q. Voigt, The League That Failed. American Sports History Series, No. 10 (Lanham, MD and London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1998). Pp. xiv + 322, 23 photographs, index. $45.00. ISBN 0–8108–3309–3.

Eddie Irvine, with Jane Nottage, Life in the Fast Lane: The Inside Story of the Ferrari Years (London: Ebury Press, 1999; distributed in the US by Trafalgar Square Publishing, North Pomfret, Vermont). Pp. xxiii + 232, 32 photographs. $29.95. ISBN 0–09–18746–02.

J.S. Todd, Physical Culture and the Body Beautiful: Purposive Exercise in the Lives of American Women, 1800–1875 (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1998). Pp. ix + 369, 81 illustrations, methodology, bibliography, index. US$39.95. ISBN 0–86554–561–8.

Eric G. Dunning, Joseph A. Maguire and Robert E. Pearton (eds.), The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach (Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1993). Pp. 279 + xiii, index. £37.50 (cloth). ISBN 0–87322–419–1.

Christiane Eisenberg, "English Sports “ und deutsche Bürger: Eine Gesellschaftsgeschichte 1800–1939 (Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 1999). Pp. 523.

M.L. Biscotti (comp.), A Bibliography of American Sporting Books, 1926–1985 (Far Hills, NJ: Meadow Run Press, 1997). Pp. ix + 573. $80.00. ISBN 1–886967–06–7.

J.L. Arbena (comp.), Latin American Sport: An Annotated Bibliography, 1988–1998, Bibliographies and Indexes on Sports History No 3 (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999). Pp. vii + 264. $75.00. ISBN 0–313–29611–1.

D. Kyle, H. Lee, T. Scanlon and K. Kitchell, Entering the Stadium: Approaches to Ancient Greek Athletics. Editor K. Kitchell, The Classical Bulletin, Vol.74 (1998), No.2 (Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy‐Carducchi). Pp. 100–200. $20.00. ISSN 0009–8337.

Wendy Long, Celebrating Excellence: Canadian Women Athletes (Vancouver: Polestar Book Publishers, 1995). Pp. 255. CAN$ 29.95. ISBN 1–896095–04–6.

Steven J. Overman, The Influence of the Protestant Ethic on Sport and Recreation (Aldershot: Avebury Press, 1997. Pp. + 394, index. ISBN 1 ‐85972–387‐X.

Douglas Booth, The Race Game: Sport and Politics in South Africa (London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 1998). Pp. xxi + 250, 10 photographs, index. £42.50/$59.50 (cloth); £17.50/$26.50 (paper). ISBN 0–7146–4799–3; 0–7146–4354–8.

Mike Cronin, Sport and Nationalism in Ireland: Gaelic Games, Soccer and Irish Identity since 1884 (Dublin and Portland, OR: Four Courts Press, 1999). Pp.214. £14.95. ISBN 1–85182–456–1.  相似文献   
166.
This paper overviews the diverse information technologies that are used to provide athletes with relevant feedback. Examples taken from various sports are used to illustrate selected applications of technology-based feedback. Several feedback systems are discussed, including vision, audition and proprioception. Each technology described here is based on the assumption that feedback would eventually enhance skill acquisition and sport performance and, as such, its usefulness to athletes and coaches in training is critically evaluated.  相似文献   
167.
Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of weight training on the self-concepts of college males. Another purpose was to identify the types of males, relative to measures of extroversion, neuroticism, body cathexis, somatotype, and muscular strength, who experience the most improvement in self-concept during a lifting program. Subjects of the experimental group (n = 113) trained with weights twice each week for 16 weeks, while controls (n = 127) were educated relative to personal health concepts. The results revealed significant posttest differences in global, internal, and external self-concept between the groups, confirming the hypothesis that regular weight training is positively associated with the improvement of self-concept. Pretest body cathexis, self-concept, and neuroticism scores were significant predictors of global self-concept change from the pretest to the posttest, whereas pretest measures of extroversion, somatotype, and muscular strength were not. Changes in neuroticism, body cathexis, and muscular strength scores were significant predictors of self-concept change, while extroversion change was not, indicating that the positive association between weight training and self-concept enhancement is multivariately determined, and that some types of males experience more improvement of self-concept than others during a weight training regime.  相似文献   
168.
Abstract

Three initial step techniques for moving laterally are commonly used by middle blockers in volleyball. These three methods are (1) the slide step, (2) the cross-over step, and (3) the jab cross-over step. The purpose of the current investigation was to study the relationship between the three initial step techniques and selected time variables involved in the jumping and blocking action. Four criterion measures were extracted from film footage (100 frames/sec) using cinematographic data collection techniques. Six skilled volleyball players were used as subjects (3 men and 3 women). A split-split plot 3 (step method) × 2 (response direction) × 2 (sex) factorial design, with repeated measures on method and direction, were used to analyze the criterion measures. Results of the analysis revealed a clear relationship between step method and three of the time variables studied. Specifically, the cross-over steps (and in particular the jab cross-over) were observed to be superior to the slide step in terms of getting the athlete's body off the ground and into a blocking position quickly. While earlier investigations demonstrated that the slide step was superior in terms of getting from a middle blocking position to a floor switch mat (stationary target) it seems clear from the present investigation that the jab cross-over is superior in terms of actual jumping and blocking efficiency.  相似文献   
169.
The lexical decision (LD) and naming (NAM) tasks are ubiquitous paradigms that employ printed word identification. They are major tools for investigating how factors like morphology, semantic information, lexical neighborhood and others affect identification. Although use of the tasks is widespread, there has been little research into how performance in LD or NAM relates to reading ability, a deficiency that limits the translation of research with these tasks to the understanding of individual differences in reading. The present research was designed to provide a link from LD and NAM to the specific variables that characterize reading ability (e.g., decoding, sight word recognition, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension) as well as to important reading-related abilities (phonological awareness and rapid naming). We studied 99 adults with a wide range of reading abilities. LD and NAM strongly predicted individual differences in word identification, less strongly predicted vocabulary size and did not predict comprehension. Fluency was predicted but with differences that depended on the way fluency was defined. Finally, although the tasks did not predict individual differences in rapid naming or phonological awareness, the failures nevertheless assisted in understanding the cognitive mechanisms behind these reading-related abilities. The results demonstrate that LD and NAM are important tools for the study of individual differences in reading.  相似文献   
170.
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