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91.
Lars F. Leader James D. Klein 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1996,44(2):5-15
This study investigated the effects of search tools and learner cognitive styles on performance in searches for information within a hypermedia database. Seventy-five students in a university English as a Second Language (ESL) program were blocked for field dependence and assigned to one of four treatments: browser, index/find, map, and all tools. Subjects searched the hypermedia database, EarthQuest, for facts to answer practice and posttest questions on science topics. Results revealed a significant interaction between search tool and cognitive style. Field-independent learners performed significantly better than field-dependent learners under the index/find and map treatments. Subjects in the four treatment groups accessed information from the database differently. Furthermore, cognitive style was significantly related to achievement, tool use, and attitude. Implications for the design and instructional use of hypermedia databases are provided. 相似文献
92.
Madeleine Abrandt Dahlgren Anna Reid Lars Owe Dahlgren Peter Petocz 《Higher Education》2008,56(2):129-148
At the core of higher education is the experience of students whose focus for learning is often directed towards their future
employability. In this paper, we explore the intersections between two large international research projects involving over
500 students. Interviews with students yielded their conceptions of learning and work in specific discipline and professional
areas. Analysis of the Swedish and Australian data sets showed the important interplay between students’ individual ideas
about learning and future work with their workplace. A meta-analysis of the two projects highlights the utility of higher
education for students’ future working life and suggests ways in which institutions and policy makers can critique current
practice in a way that will incline curriculum and teaching development towards professional formation. 相似文献
93.
94.
ABSTRACTThe need to keep things cool for durability should be the single most powerful influence on storage design. The simplest temperature control is to moderate the outside temperature by a combination of thermal insulation and heat capacity. The low energy storage building is a lightweight, thermally insulated, airtight building put on top of an uninsulated floor slab laid directly on the ground. The thermal insulation is calculated to even out the daily temperature cycle but to allow an annual temperature cycle which is about half the amplitude, but much smoother, than the annual temperature cycle outside. The winter temperature inside will nearly always be above ambient and so will maintain a moderate RH without need for either humidification or dehumidification. The temperature inside in summer will be below ambient and thus will force dehumidification of the infiltrating air. However, the airtightness of the building allows intermittent dehumidification with low energy consumption, less than one kWh/m3 per year. There now exist enough buildings designed on this principle to reassure curators that highly valued collections can be stored in a space with a gentle temperature cycle and with an RH stability as good as air-conditioning usually achieves. 相似文献
95.
In this study, two multidisciplinary Social Sciences and Humanities research schools in Sweden have been investigated regarding disciplinary identity-making. This study investigates the meetings between different disciplines around a common thematic area of study for Ph.D. students. The Ph.D. students navigate through a complex social and organisational landscape with obligations and loyalties towards the discipline and the research school, which may be in conflict with each other. The main finding is that a multidisciplinary environment in fact creates strong disciplinary identities, partly in contrast to the purpose with the multidisciplinary research school. Encounters with Ph.D. students from other disciplines give the Ph.D. student something to relate to and to discuss e.g. with the supervisor. Another finding is that multidisciplinary research schools extend the perspectives of students. For some, new methods and theories from neighbouring disciplines were integrated and used, while for others the empirical scope of research was affected. 相似文献
96.
Peter A.M. Mwaura Kathy Sylva Lars‐Erik Malmberg 《International Journal of Early Years Education》2008,16(3):237-255
This study investigated the effect of preschool experience (two types of preschool: Madrasa and non‐Madrasa) on the cognitive development of children in East Africa. In the three countries studied (Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania/Zanzibar) preschool education is burgeoning and government standards are being set. This quasi experimental evaluation used four subscales (block building, verbal comprehension, early number concept, picture similarities) adapted from the British Ability Scale II (BAS II; discussed by Elliot, Smith and McCulloch in 1996), and three (verbal meaning, exclusion, closure) from the African Child Intelligence Test (ACIT; discussed by Drenth and colleagues in 1980). The development of 423 children was studied at pre‐test (entry to preschool) and at post‐test 18 months later. Hierarchical regression showed that children with both types of preschool experience performed better than the home (comparison) group; however, children attending Madrasa Resource Centre preschools achieved significantly higher scores overall. 相似文献
97.
The pressure/force acting between the running surface of a ski and the snow may indirectly change glide friction. Thus, measuring the pressure/force distribution may be important for a deeper understanding of glide in skiing. The present aim was to construct a device that allowed the pressure/force underneath the ski running surface (SRS) to be recorded. Pressure sensors were attached on top of a platform. Sheets of different materials were used to improve the interaction between the SRS and the sensors. Possible functions of the device are demonstrated in three applications that emphasized comparison of force distribution underneath skis selected for similarity, force distribution under both skis and a single ski as well as backward weight distribution. The results show that the device with the pressure sensors mapped pressure/force distribution underneath the skis in the applications presented, and the system can thus be a useful tool for further optimizing e.g., ski designs. 相似文献
98.
Lars Gabrys Christian Thiel Gert Saborowski Lutz Vogt Winfried Banzer 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(1):12-19
Although sports clubs, associations and health insurance companies offer a wide range of exercise programs, several target groups, such as groups with low socioeconomic status struggle to overcome barriers for participation. The aim of this paper is to show the need for, as well as the prospects of structured physical activity counselling for specific target groups provided by exercise specialists. This successful approach to promote physical activity is described detailed in the group of long-term unemployed persons over 50 years in a job centre setting. A close cooperation with established local exercise programs is intended. Deficits and requirements of physical activity counselling in primary health care settings are adopted and transferred into the theory-based public health strategy. This approach has the potential to create a new field of work for exercise and health professionals in the field of primary prevention. 相似文献
99.
Ilana Kaufmann Karim M. Hamza Carl-Johan Rundgren Lars Eriksson 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1601-1624
ABSTRACTThis study explores first-year university students’ reasoning as they learn to draw Lewis structures. We also present a theoretical account of the formal procedure commonly taught for drawing these structures. Students’ discussions during problem-solving activities were video recorded and detailed analyses of the discussions were made through the use of practical epistemology analysis (PEA). Our results show that the formal procedure was central for drawing Lewis structures, but its use varied depending on situational aspects. Commonly, the use of individual steps of the formal procedure was contingent on experiences of chemical structures, and other information such as the characteristics of the problem given. The analysis revealed a number of patterns in how students constructed, checked and modified the structure in relation to the formal procedure and the situational aspects. We suggest that explicitly teaching the formal procedure as a process of constructing, checking and modifying might be helpful for students learning to draw Lewis structures. By doing so, the students may learn to check the accuracy of the generated structure not only in relation to the octet rule and formal charge, but also to other experiences that are not explicitly included in the formal procedure. 相似文献
100.
Lars Behrmann Elmar Souvignier 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(3):1023-1044
Teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs about reading instruction are likely to predict progress in student achievement. Thus, in this study, 15 pre-service teachers gave reading promotion to low-performing sixth- and seventh-graders over a time period of 6 months. The pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs were then related to their students’ reading achievement gains. In contradiction to previous findings, the results demonstrate direct-transmissive beliefs to be positively related with student achievement. Finally, whether there is an influence of practical teaching experiences on the development of pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs was examined. For that reason, the belief development during the 6-month period was compared between pre-service teachers with and without teaching experience. Results show teaching pre-service teachers’ beliefs to have developed away from constructivistic positions and toward a direct-transmissive direction. The beliefs of student teachers without teaching experience, on the contrary, tended to slightly develop in diametrically opposed directions. Implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献