Developing an approach for teaching and learning about Lewis structures     

Ilana Kaufmann  Karim M. Hamza  Carl-Johan Rundgren  Lars Eriksson 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1601-1624

ABSTRACT

This study explores first-year university students’ reasoning as they learn to draw Lewis structures. We also present a theoretical account of the formal procedure commonly taught for drawing these structures. Students’ discussions during problem-solving activities were video recorded and detailed analyses of the discussions were made through the use of practical epistemology analysis (PEA). Our results show that the formal procedure was central for drawing Lewis structures, but its use varied depending on situational aspects. Commonly, the use of individual steps of the formal procedure was contingent on experiences of chemical structures, and other information such as the characteristics of the problem given. The analysis revealed a number of patterns in how students constructed, checked and modified the structure in relation to the formal procedure and the situational aspects. We suggest that explicitly teaching the formal procedure as a process of constructing, checking and modifying might be helpful for students learning to draw Lewis structures. By doing so, the students may learn to check the accuracy of the generated structure not only in relation to the octet rule and formal charge, but also to other experiences that are not explicitly included in the formal procedure.  相似文献   

Pedagogical content beliefs about reading instruction and their relation to gains in student achievement     

Lars Behrmann  Elmar Souvignier 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(3):1023-1044

Teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs about reading instruction are likely to predict progress in student achievement. Thus, in this study, 15 pre-service teachers gave reading promotion to low-performing sixth- and seventh-graders over a time period of 6 months. The pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs were then related to their students’ reading achievement gains. In contradiction to previous findings, the results demonstrate direct-transmissive beliefs to be positively related with student achievement. Finally, whether there is an influence of practical teaching experiences on the development of pre-service teachers’ pedagogical content beliefs was examined. For that reason, the belief development during the 6-month period was compared between pre-service teachers with and without teaching experience. Results show teaching pre-service teachers’ beliefs to have developed away from constructivistic positions and toward a direct-transmissive direction. The beliefs of student teachers without teaching experience, on the contrary, tended to slightly develop in diametrically opposed directions. Implications of the results are discussed.  相似文献   

The Uses of Example in Moral Education     

Lars Løvlie 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》1997,31(3):409-425

This article raises the problem of how to bridge the gap between moral thinking and moral life. As mediating terms between the two realms it picks out rules, skills and examples. After an introductory critique of rationalism and contextualism in ethics, the article makes a case for the uses of example in moral education in a wide sense, suggesting a poetics of ethics.  相似文献   

MASS MEDIA AND POLITICAL OUTSPOKENNESS IN HONG KONG: LINKING THE THIRD-PERSON EFFECT AND THE SPIRAL OF SILENCE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Willnat  Lars 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1996,8(2):187-212

This study analyzes the impact of perceptions of the opinionsof others on political outspokenness in Hong Kong. Two relatedtheories, the third-person effect and the spiral of silence,are tested in the context of public opinion regarding the Sino-Britishdispute over Hong Kong's political future. To estimate the potentialinfluence of perceived public opinion on political outspokennessduring this political crisis, a representative telephone surveyof 660 respondents in Hong Kong was conducted in November 1993. As hypothesized by the third-person effect, perceptions of theinfluence of media reports about the Sino-British dispute onothers were found to be consistently greater than perceptionsof influence on self. Similar to previous findings, respondentswith a higher level of education were more likely to believethat the mass media influence others more than themselves. Thestudy also found empirical support for the spiral of silencehypothesis. Politically unconcerned respondents were less willingto voice their political opinions publicly when they perceivedthe majority opinion not to be on their side. Findings alsoindicate that the third-person effect indirectly influencesthe spiral of silence process through its impact on perceptionsof public opinion.  相似文献   

Transferable competences of young people with a high dropout risk in vocational training in Germany     

Andreas Frey  Lars Balzer  Jean-Jacques Ruppert 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2014,14(1):119-134

This paper examines whether the subjective beliefs on their competences of 409 trainees in machinery, sales, and logistics constitute a reliable and valid way to measure transferable competences. The analysis of results attributes satisfactory to good reliability values to the assessment procedure. Furthermore, it could be shown that young people with a higher dropout risk evaluated their methodological and social competences lower than those trainees with a lower dropout risk. Therefore it may be possible to prevent early dropout from vocational training through specific strengthening of these competences as well as through individual competence-based counselling during training.  相似文献   

Telecommunications     

Robert K. Heldman  James B. Pruitt  Murray Selwyn  Lars Qvortrup 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(5-6):42-44

TELECOMMUNICATIONS MANAGEMENT PLANNING: ISDN NETWORKS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES by Robert K. Heldman (Blue Ridge Summit, PA: TAB Books, 1987—$49.50)

TELECOMMUNICATION PROJECT MANAGEMENT by James B. Pruitt (Chicago: Telephony Publishing, 1987—$50.00)

COMMUNICATIONS (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986 price not given)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND YOU (White Plains, NY: IBM Corporation, 1986—single copies may be free on request, paper)

1986—THE YEAR IN REVIEW (Telecommunications Reports, 1036 National Press Bldg., Washington, DC 20045—$7.95, paper, with quantity discounts available)

CROSS-SUBSIDIZATION AND DISCRIMINATION BY REGULATED MONOPOLISTS (EAG 87-2, March 19, 1987)

REGULATED FIRMS IN UNREGULATED MARKETS: UNDERSTANDING THE DIVESTITURE IN U.S. V. AT&T (EAG 86-5, April 11, 1986)

TAXING HOME AUDIO TAPING (EAG 86-6, April 15, 1986)

BIOSTATISTICAL REVIEW OF SELECTED LITERATURE ON THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIOFREQUENCY ELECTYROMAGNETIC (RFEM) ENERGY by Murray Selwyn, et al. (Electromagnetic Energy Policy Alliance, 1255 23rd St. NW, Suite 850. Washington, DC 20037—$195, paper)

THE SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TELEMATICS: AN ESSAY ON THE INFORMATION SOCIETY by Lars Qvortrup (Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 1984—price not given, paper)  相似文献   

On the Educative Reading of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit     

Lars L⊘vlie 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(4):277-294

This paper tries to make sense of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit in terms of a dialectical concept of education. The Phenomenology may be read not only as a philosophical work but also as a literary work which brings the German idealist idea of Bildung, or formation, to its apotheosis. The interpretation is limited to the Preface of the book. By way of literary theory I try to make good the claim that the Phenomenology naturally gives itself to an educative interpretation. After having pointed to some of Hegel's possible literary inspirations, I go on to suggest that contradictory experiences of Bildung are resolved within a background of communicative knowledge. The roles of the different dramatis personae in the Phenomenology are determined in the setting of philosophy as the way of presentation.  相似文献   

Primary School Students’ Knowledge of the Equal Sign—the Swedish Case     

Madej  Lars 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2022,20(2):321-343

International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - This case study investigates, at three Swedish schools, primary school students’ knowledge of the equal sign. The schools were...  相似文献   

To be or not to be a technical university: organisational categories as reference points in higher education     

Geschwind  Lars  Broström  Anders 《Higher Education》2022,84(1):121-139

Higher Education - Classifications of higher education institutions into categories that are more or less clearly differentiated through prestige and status are legion in the world of higher...  相似文献   

Specific managerial human capital,firm age,and venture capital financing of biopharmaceutical ventures: A contingency approach     

Judith Behrens  Holger Patzelt  Lars Schweizer  Robin Bürger 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2012,23(2):112-121

In this article we investigate how specific human capital in biopharmaceutical ventures' management teams impacts the financial commitment of venture capital investors. Further, we explore how this impact changes with the venture's age. We draw on data from 138 VC financing rounds in the US and Europe to show that biopharmaceutical ventures with greater portions of specific managerial human capital in the fields of management, law, medicine, and biosciences acquire more money in venture capital financing rounds, but this effect is contingent on the age of the venture. We discuss the implications of these findings for the literature on VC financing of high technology ventures.  相似文献