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Priti Shankar 《Resonance》1997,2(1):34-43
In the first article of this series we showed how redundancy introduced into a message transmitted over a noisy channel could improve the reliability of transmission. In this article we describe one of the earliest linear codes invented for this purpose, and show how the algebraic structure of the code enables easy decoding. 相似文献
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Khushaboo Pandey Rama Shankar Dubey Bhim Bali Prasad 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2016,31(1):3-12
The most important objectives that are frequently found in bio-analytical chemistry involve applying tools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing a reliable sample preparation step, for the medical and biological fields is another primary objective in analytical chemistry, in order to extract and isolate the analytes of interest from complex biological matrices. Since, main inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) diagnosable through uracil analysis and the therapeutic monitoring of toxic 5-fluoruracil (an important anti-cancerous drug) in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficient patients, require an ultra-sensitive, reproducible, selective, and accurate analytical techniques for their measurements. Therefore, keeping in view, the diagnostic value of uracil and 5-fluoruracil measurements, this article refines several analytical techniques involved in selective recognition and quantification of uracil and 5-fluoruracil from biological and pharmaceutical samples. The prospective study revealed that implementation of molecularly imprinted polymer as a solid-phase material for sample preparation and preconcentration of uracil and 5-fluoruracil had proven to be effective as it could obviates problems related to tedious separation techniques, owing to protein binding and drastic interferences, from the complex matrices in real samples such as blood plasma, serum samples. 相似文献
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Renuka Raju Sujai Suneetha Karuna Sagili Vani C Meher V Saraswathi A V V Satyanarayana Lavanya M Suneetha 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(1):123-128
The antibody response to the 38kDa, 16kDa and Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigens ofMycobacterium tuberculosis was evaluated using three different ELISAs based on these antigens. The study group included tuberculosis patients (n=52),
patients with HIV and TB co-infection (n=10), other chest symptomatics (n=5), HIV infected individuals (n=10), leprosy cases
(n=7) and healthy controls (n=75). The results indicate that the 38kDa and LAM based ELISA for IgM/IgG has a low specificity
(ranging from 69–85%) and sensitivity (ranging from 55–78%). When three ELISAs are carried out on a single patient the probability
of detection of tuberculosis was significantly increased to 95.2% indicating that a single ELISA test is of low sensitivity
and that a combination of ELISA’s may be needed to be of any value as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis. Additionally, a
western blot assay of the serum antibody response to protein fraction ofM. tuberculosis was analysed in 15 tuberculosis patients and five healthy controls. A multiple antibody response to various M.tuberculosis proteins was observed which varied from patient to patient as compared to controls who showed a single 38–39 kDa protein
band positivity. These finding suggest that a western blot assay which determines the antibody response to a set of antigenic
components ofM. tuberculosis could be a better serological test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in our population. 相似文献
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Priti Shankar 《Resonance》2005,10(1):25-40
Expander graphs are graphs in which every set of vertices has an unusually large number of neighbours. It is a remarkable
fact that graphs of this kind exist. Even more remarkable is the spectrum of applications of these graphs, ranging from providing
new insights in the field of computational complexity theory to the solution of problems in communication. In this article
we show how expander graphs can be used for designing efficient error correcting codes which have fast decoding algorithms. 相似文献
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The scope of this paper spans from macro-level national and inter-state comparisons to more micro-level intra-state scrutiny
of systemic fault-lines shaping the contours of girls’ education in India. Post independence, national level indicators have
been suggestive of greater gender parity. Yet, there is more to inclusiveness of girls in Indian higher education than increasing
absolute numbers or improving gender ratios. Rising female participation has coincided with a massive ‘systemic expansion’
of delivery systems and therefore, would have to be a function of this expanded availability. As a corollary, systemic skews
and limitations, both qualitative and quantitative, are bound to influence how girls get incorporated into the system. This
would matter not just in terms of how many access it, but also what courses do they access and where. In the course of this
paper, we scan through several geographic layers of delivery systems to surface how critical systemic traits are shaping access
to higher education in India, and how girls remain particularly vulnerable to them. It reveals how the progress achieved so
far has spawned its own hierarchies, which do not get reflected adequately in the national level indicators. As we scale down
to states, the first set of skews begins to surface in the form of inter-state disparities of access and uneven faculty-wise
distributions. Moving to the next level of geographic dis-aggregation, further skews are revealed based on availability of
medium of instruction; as also the guidelines of gender based affirmative action meant for improving girls’ participation
that ironically end up creating their own distortions. Through a study of these multi-layered hurdles, this paper brings forth
the systemic side of impediments that have remained less explored in comparison with the cultural-attitudinal biases that
have plagued girls’ participation to higher education in India. 相似文献
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