Is Piaget's epistemic subject dead?     

Anton E. Lawson 《科学教学研究杂志》1991,28(7):581-591

Niaz (1990) presents arguments in favor of the retention of Piaget's epistemic subject as a theoretical construct to guide research and practice in science education and psychology. The intent of this article is to point out the weaknesses of those arguments and to suggest that the weight of evidence argues against the existence of the logical thinker postulated by Piaget. Therefore, contrary to Niaz's conclusion that the acceptance of Piaget's epistemic subject will facilitate the development of cognitive theories with greater explanatory power, the conclusion is reached that Piaget's epistemic subject is dead and that continued acceptance of this aspect of Piagetian theory would be counterproductive.  相似文献   

The Physical Education System as a Consequential Social Determinant     

Hal A. Lawson 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2020,72(1):72-84

ABSTRACT

Employing the ideal type of “The Physical Education System,” in this analysis I explore the import of systems frameworks for new institutional designs which hold promise for better outcomes. The inherited idea of a system is restricted to the relationship between teacher education and school programs. It draws on the developmental trajectory of the specialized field of study which pre-dated Kinesiology, and it conforms to the industrial age school, particularly its assumptions regarding standardized curricula, teachers’ roles, student classification, and cultural assimilation. When this inherited framework reigns, other key systems components (e.g., public policy, influential peer/family/community ecologies) get short shrift, important “outcome chains” are not addressed, and both Kinesiology’s and Public Health’s contributions are constrained. Once the inherited physical education system is recognized as a consequential social determinant of pediatric health and well-being, needs and opportunities for redesign become apparent.  相似文献   

On why falsifiability does not exist in theory testing: A reply to smith and siegel     

Anton E. Lawson 《科学教学研究杂志》1993,30(6):603-606

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The acquisition of basic quantitative reasoning skills during adolescence: Learning or development?     

Anton E. Lawson  Jonathan M. Bealer 《科学教学研究杂志》1984,21(4):417-423

Five items requiring use of proportional, probabilistic, and correlational reasoning were administered to students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12. Proportions are taught in the school district in grades 7 and 8, probability in grade 10, and correlations are not taught. Based on the hypothesis that successful performance is due to classroom instruction, improvements on the proportions item were predicted between grades 6 and 10 and improvements on the probability items were predicted between grades 10 and 12. Actual gradewise improvements did not correspond well with predictions. Yet performance did correlate significantly with enrollment in classes such as chemistry, physics, and trigonometry. It is argued that successful qualitative reasoning arises as a consequence of the process of equilibration, and influences one's selection of course work. Specific instruction may initiate the equilibration process.  相似文献   

Comments on “the nature of advanced reasoning and science instruction”     

Morris A. Enyeart  Anton E. Lawson 《科学教学研究杂志》1984,21(8):859-861

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Classically conditioned heart rate and respiratory-motor activity in newborn and neonatal pygmy goats     

Robert D. Fitzgerald  David L. Francisco  James Metcalfe  Maralee S. Lawson 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(2):217-222

Classical discrimination conditioning of heart rate (HR) and respiratory-motor (RM) activity was examined in 16 newborn (average age = 1 day) and 8 neonatal (average age = 2 weeks) pygmy goats over 4 days of conditioning involving an electric shock US and auditory CSs. On the 4th day, one-half of the animals in each group received a low to moderate dose of ethanol to test the resistance of the CRs to drug effects. Discriminated conditioning of RM activity but not HR occurred in the newborn group, indicating an absence of close coupling between skeletal-motor activity and HR at this early age. While the newborn group failed to show recognizable HR reactions to the CSs during the 4 days of testing, it did show a long-latency brady-cardia UR beginning at 2 days of age that may have been secondary to baroreceptor reflex actions. The neonatal group displayed conditioning of both HR and RM activity. The similar latencies of the two types of CRs during the CS suggested that they may have been related to each other. However, the fact that the RM CR developed a day before the HR CR, combined with the observation that ethanol modified the HR CR but not the RM CR, supports the view that there was considerable independence between the two types of CRs.  相似文献   

A cross-validation study of patterns of cognitive ability in children with learning difficulties, as described by factorially defined WISC-R verbal and performance IQs     

E G Nichols  J Inglis  J S Lawson  I MacKay 《Journal of learning disabilities》1988,21(8):504-508

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Augmented Reality in Design Education: Landscape Architecture Studies as AR Experience     

Jeremy Kerr  Gillian Lawson 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2020,39(1):6-21

The rapid and ongoing development of digital technologies continues to create new opportunities for education. Over the last decade this has enabled the establishment of blended learning approaches and online education. More recently, Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a unique technology that can transform learning experiences across diverse disciplines. This article outlines the development of an AR prototype, Master of Time, which was created to educate first year students and non‐designers on the foundational principles of landscape architecture. This study examines the learning potential and benefits of AR technology with a focus on creating new practices in digital storytelling across situated experiences. In outlining project outcomes, the authors propose a series of critical design principles, strategies and methodologies for educators to apply when developing AR learning experiences across disciplines. Included within this is a framework for transdisciplinary and co‐design collaboration, which is essential for educators working in the forefront of learning technologies.  相似文献   

Formal reasoning ability and misconceptions concerning genetics and natural selection     

Anton E. Lawson  Lois D. Thompson 《科学教学研究杂志》1988,25(9):733-746

Students often hold misconceptions about natural phenomena. To overcome misconceptions students must become aware of the scientific conceptions, the evidence that bears on the validity of their misconceptions and the scientific conceptions, and they must be able to generate the logical relationships among the evidence and alternative conceptions. Because formal operational reasoning patterns are necessary to generate these logical relationships, it was predicted that, following instruction, formal operational students would hold significantly fewer misconceptions than their concrete operational classmates. To test this hypothesis 131 seventh-grade students were administered an essay test on principles of genetics and natural selection following instruction. Responses were categorized in terms of the number of misconceptions present. The number of misconceptions was compared to reasoning ability (concrete, transitional, formal), mental capacity (<6, 6, 7), verbal intelligence (low, medium, high), and cognitive style (field dependent, intermediate, field independent). The only student variable consistently and significantly related to the number of misconceptions was reasoning ability; thus, support for the major hypothesis of the study was obtained.  相似文献   

The Downgrading of the Humanities in French and English Secondary Education     

Michalina Vaughan  Jane Mark‐Lawson 《比较教育学》1986,22(2):133-147

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