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Liliana Tolchinsky 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(58):83-105
ResumenEl presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación cuyo propósito es doble: 1) Discriminar entre las habilidades comunes a todos los usuarios de una lengua y las pericias específicas que se requieren para la producción de textos de calidad y 2) Determinar el efecto de diferentes aproximaciones pedagógicas en el desarrollo de estas pericias.En este trabajo analizamos los textos producidos por un grupo de escolares de segundo curso en una situación de re-producción de narrativas. Los niños eran alumnos de dos clases en las cuales se encaraban distintas maneras de enseñar el lenguaje escrito. Los textos son analizados según su organización sintáctica y de contenido así como según cuatro características del discurso nanativo: el contraste entre el decir y lo dicho, la presencia y ausencia del narrador en el discurso, el intejuego entre los hechos y las motivaciones psicológicas de los personajes. Los resultados muestran que existe un perfil sintáctico típico, constituido por una construcción verbal con elementos asociados y regidos más una construcción que incluye discurso directo o indirecto. En cuanto a la organización del contenido, la mayoría de las narrativas incluyen una orientación, un episodio desencadenante, el nudo y la resolución. Respecto de las cualidades de lo narrativo constatamos que: los niños preservan una consistencia total entre el orden del decir y de los dicho; hacen un informe «objetivo» de los sucesos, sin extenderse en los motivos de los personajes; logran expresar los contrastes entre la presencia y ausencia del narrador y realizan todo tipo de inferencias sobre lo dicho en el texto. Las diferentes aproximaciones pedagógicas no influyen en la organización sintáctica o las restricciones del género pero sí, en ciertos factores narrativos que afectan la calidad de los textos. 相似文献
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Ann Burnett Jody L. Mattern Liliana L. Herakova David H. Kahl Jr Susan E. Bornsen 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(4):465-485
Previous studies suggest that college campuses foster a rape culture in which date rape (most commonly, rape of women) is an accepted part of campus activity (Buchwald, Fletcher, & Roth, 1993; Sanday, 2007). In focus groups at a Midwestern university, researchers asked students about rape as they experienced it or knew about it on campus. The study revealed attitudes and perspectives about rape communicated from cultural, social, and individual levels. Co-researchers’ comments indicated such attitudes exist in relation to and are expressed through behaviors preceding potential incidences of rape, during rape itself, and in response after rape occurs. Throughout this process, college students, especially females, were muted, potentially contributing to the creation and perpetuation of a campus rape culture. 相似文献
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Daniela Figueiredo Ana Barbosa Joana Cruz Alda Marques Liliana Sousa 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):413-427
This pilot-study aimed to assess a psychoeducational program for staff in care homes. The program was designed to increase knowledge regarding dementia care, promote skills to integrate motor and multisensory stimulation in daily care, and develop coping strategies to manage emotional work-related demands. Six staff members received eight psychoeducational sessions held fortnightly and individualized assistance during the provision of morning care to six residents with dementia. An audio-recorded focus group interview with staff and video recordings of residents' behavior during morning care were made and used to assess the program. Staff reported several benefits: acquisition of new knowledge; demystification of preexisting beliefs related to dementia; group cohesion; self-worth feelings; and positive coping. A trend towards improvements at residents' levels of interaction was found. The findings suggest the need of interventions to go beyond the objectives exclusively centered on staff education and the promotion of residents' well-being. This should be achieved by also allowing workers to feel supported and empowered. 相似文献
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The longitudinal relations of emotion regulation profiles to temperament and adjustment in a community sample of preadolescents (N=196, 8-11 years at Time 1) were investigated using person-oriented latent profile analysis (LPA). Temperament, emotion regulation, and adjustment were measured at 3 different time points, with each time point occurring 1 year apart. LPA identified 5 frustration and 4 anxiety regulation profiles based on children's physiological, behavioral, and self-reported reactions to emotion-eliciting tasks. The relation of effortful control to conduct problems was mediated by frustration regulation profiles, as was the relation of effortful control to depression. Anxiety regulation profiles did not mediate relations between temperament and adjustment. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: The present study examined mean level similarities and differences as well as correlations between mothers' and fathers' attributions regarding successes and failures in caregiving situations and progressive versus authoritarian attitudes. DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with both mothers and fathers in 108 Colombian families. RESULTS: Fathers reported higher uncontrollable success attributions and higher authoritarian attitudes than did mothers, whereas mothers reported higher modernity of attitudes than did fathers; only the gender differences related to parental attitudes remained significant after controlling for parents' age, education, and possible social desirability bias. Medium effect sizes were found for concordance between parents in the same family for attributions regarding uncontrollable success and progressive attitudes after controlling for parents' age, education, and possible social desirability bias. CONCLUSIONS: This work elucidates ways that parent gender relates to attributions regarding parents' success and failure in caregiving and to progressive versus authoritarian parenting attitudes in Colombia. 相似文献
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Domenico Meleleo Nicola Bartolomeo Liliana Cassano Alessandro Nitti Giovanna Susca Giuseppina Mastrototaro 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(6):710-719
Purpose: Conventional Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) or Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) can provide direct evaluations of body composition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lean and fat mass (FM), and hydration of children involved in daily competitive sports. Methods: 190 non-athletic [8.2–10.5 years] and 29 competitive children [8.0–10.5 years] were enrolled. They were evaluated: at baseline (t0), 6 months (t1) and one year (t2). Anthropometric, BIA and BIVA, lean and FM, and hydration evaluations were performed. Results: Resistance (R/h) and reactance (Xc/h) were lower at t0 in competitive individuals when compared to controls. Xc/h (+3.28) significantly increases in competitive when compared to non-competitive individuals (+0.66, p for difference: 0.011), while phase angle (PA) was lower at t0 (5.72 vs. 6.17, p?<?.001) and after 6 months (p?=?.001). Total body water adjusted for height (TBW/h) significantly increased only in non-athletes (+0.50?±?0.13, p?<?.001) between t0 and t1. At t1, extracellular water (ECW) significantly decreased (p?=?.026) in the two groups: ?0.45?±?0.19% in non-competitive, ?1.63?±?0.49% in competitive subjects, while intracellular water (ICW) increased. At one-year follow-up (t2), there were no statistically significant differences in R/h, Xc/h and PA in competitive individuals when compared to baseline and t1. Furthermore, we observed at t2 that hours/week of training, age, male gender and body mass index can influence FFM/h and FM/h in both competitive and non-competitive subjects. In particular, a direct correlation was for hours/week and FFM/h, inverse for hours/week and FM/h. Conclusions: Body mass index does not allow evaluating differences in lean body mass and FM between athletes and non-athletes. BIA and BIVA can give more reliable details about body composition differences in competitive adolescents and non-competitive, outlining a progressive decline in ECW and increase in ICW without affecting TBW composition of athletes. 相似文献
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Liliana Tolchinsky 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(6):53-62
Aprender a leer y escribir implica, como sostiene la autora, mucho más que la simple traducción del habla al papel y viceversa. Todo un universo de cambios y posibilidades se abre, desde sus inicios, ante el sujeto que se alfabetiza. Se expone aquí cuáles son esos cambios, agrupados en tres grandes aspectos, y se defiende su presencia conjunta desde los primeros pasos de la enseñanza de la lectoescritura. 相似文献