Merit: A debate     

Ralph A. Raimi  Louis Settembrini 《Academic Questions》1991,4(2):67-79

Louis Settembrini is the pseudonym of a former chairman of one of the social science departments at the University of Rochester.  相似文献   

Symbolic,identity, and probe delayed matching of sounds by the bottlenosed dolphin     

Louis M. Herman  Roger K. R. Thompson 《Learning & behavior》1982,10(1):22-34

The short-term memory for sounds of the bottlenosed dolphin was tested using symbolic, identity, and probe forms of the delayed matching-to-sample (DMS) task. The forms differed in the number (one or two) or nature (symbolic or identity matches of sample sounds) of postdelay test stimuli available as memory retrieval cues. Although symbolic DMS was difficult to learn, the final performance level was approximately equal to that for identity or probe DMS. On all tasks, the dolphin’s responses were above 80% correct through to delays of 90 sec and, in some cases, through to delays of 180 and 240 sec, the “limits” being governed mainly by the dolphin’s reluctance to continue being tested at long delays. Encoding of sample stimuli into their learned symbolic representation was hypothesized to have reduced symbolic DMS to a recognition memory task, resulting in the observed equivalence of performance with the other two recognition memory tasks. The probe DMS results, unlike those for identity or symbolic DMS, showed no significant proactive interference effects from samples of prior trials. Instead, proactive interference was traceable to the probe value of the prior trial. Overall, the auditory DMS data for the dolphin were functionally similar to results reported for monkeys tested on symbolic, identity, and probe visual DMS tasks.  相似文献   

An Investigation into the Dimensionality of TOEFL Using Conditional Covariance-Based Nonparametric Approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eunice Eunhee Jang  Louis Roussos 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2007,44(1):1-21

This article reports two studies to illustrate methodologies for conducting a conditional covariance-based nonparametric dimensionality assessment using data from two forms of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Study 1 illustrates how to assess overall dimensionality of the TOEFL including all three subtests. Study 2 is aimed at illustrating how to conduct dimensionality analyses for a testlet-based test by focusing on the Reading Comprehension (RC) section in combination with item content analyses and hypothesis testing. The results of Study 1 indicated that both TOEFL forms involve two dominant dimensions corresponding to the Listening Comprehension section and the combination of the Reading Comprehension section and Structure and Written Expression section. The extensive RC analyses from Study 2 revealed strong evidence that a significant amount of the RC multidimensionality came from testlet effects. Confirmatory analyses coupled with exploratory cluster analyses and substantive item content analyses further identified dimensionality structure having to do with reading subskills.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Landra L. Rezabek Ph.D.  Louis H. Berry  Lynn A. Delaney 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1994,42(3):93-100

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Possible selves of older adults entering a life plan community     

Heidi M. Pontinen  Louis J. Medvene  Jeanne Gerstenkorn 《Educational gerontology》2019,45(3):201-213

This study examined the possible selves, goals, and perceptions of “time left” of older adults soon after they entered a life plan community as independent living residents. There has been little research regarding the effect of this life transition on older adults’ self-concept, hopes, and fears. Eighteen residents participated in one-hour personal interviews about their reasons for moving, their possible selves, goals, and perception of time left. Time left was measured in two ways: residents were asked to estimate the number of years they had left and were also asked to mark, on a novel visual analogue measure, how “limited” or “expanded” their time left felt to them. Residents were found to have an average of 6.18 possible selves in total, with more hoped-for possible selves (m = 4.39) than feared possible selves (m = 1.78). The majority of the goals were maintenance goals, followed by self-improvement goals and then avoidance goals. Residents estimated that they would live for 11.64 more years, and the majority reported that this felt like “a lot of time.” Based on their responses to the novel visual analogue measure of time left, two-thirds of the participants reported that their time left felt “expanded” rather than “limited.” Consistent with predictions based on socioemotional selectivity theory, participants with longer subjective life expectancies reported more self-improvement goals and more hoped-for selves. Participants identified more possible selves than documented in previous studies, including almost twice as many hoped-for possible selves.  相似文献   

Career Problem Assessment: A Conceptual Schema for Counselor Training     

Louis A. Busacca 《Journal of Career Development》2002,29(2):129-146

Counseling students learn about various theories, models, and career assessment measures during their training. However, the transition to practicum and internship often challenges students to decide on when to apply career theories and measures to specific problems. An assessment schema is proposed to assist counselor trainees with a systematic approach to conceptualizing a client's career problem. With this assessment schema, counselor educators can help trainees organize data into meaningful categories, reduce conceptual confusion, and engage students in the study of careers.  相似文献   

The dolphin’s grammatical competency: Comments on Kako (1999)     

Louis M. Herman  Robert K. uyeyama 《Learning & behavior》1999,27(1):18-23

Kako (1999) reviews the evidence for syntactic competencies in several animal species exposed to artificial language systems, emphasizing the importance of core syntactic properties such as argument structure and closed-class items. We present evidence from our dolphin studies for the acquisition of the closed-class functionality of demonstratives, prepositions, conjunctions, and locatives. Sensitivity to argument structure is also evidenced by wholly untrained and consistent interpretations of the dolphin to probes of anomalous syntactic structures. These results are generated within our comprehension-based paradigm, which enables us to provide convincing objective evidence for the development and generalization of concepts by the dolphin subject. Demonstrations of animal language competencies may illuminate certain aspects of human linguistic competence by suggesting that the particular modeled subsets can derive from general cognitive mechanisms, rather than language-specific ones.  相似文献   

Using New Proximity Measures With Hierarchical Cluster Analysis to Detect Multidimensionality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Louis A. Roussos  William F. Stout  John I. Marden 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1998,35(1):1-30

A new approach for partitioning test items into dimensionally distinct item clusters is introduced. The core of the approach is a new item-pair conditional-covariance-based proximity measure that can be used with hierarchical cluster analysis. An extensive simulation study designed to test the limits of the approach indicates that when approximate simple structure holds, the procedure can correctly partition the test into dimensionally homogeneous item clusters even for very high correlations between the latent dimensions. In particular, the procedure can correctly classify (on average) over 90% of the items for correlations as high as .9. The cooperative role that the procedure can play when used in conjunction with other dimensionality assessment procedures is discussed.  相似文献   

Toward the Enjoyment of Teaching     

Louis G. Lippman 《Academic Questions》1999,12(3):72-76

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Toward the enjoyment of teaching     

Louis G. Lippman 《Academic Questions》1999,12(4):61-65

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