Perceptual completion in newborn human infants     

Valenza E  Leo I  Gava L  Simion F 《Child development》2006,77(6):1810-1821

Despite decades of studies of human infants, a still open question concerns the role of visual experience in the development of the ability to perceive complete shapes over partial occlusion. Previous studies show that newborns fail to manifest this ability, either because they lack the visual experience required for perceptual completion or because they fail to detect the pattern of motion. To distinguish these possibilities, newborns' perception of a center-occluded object was tested, using stroboscopic motion. Infants (mean age of 72 hr) perceived the object as a connected unit, providing the first evidence that the newborn is capable of filling in gaps in the visible surface layout when the relevant visual information can be detected by his or her immature visual system.  相似文献   

Activity theory as a framework for designing constructivist learning environments   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

David H. Jonassen  Lucia Rohrer-Murphy 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(1):61-79

The epistemic assumptions of constructive learning are different from those of traditional instruction, so classical methods of needs and task analysis are inappropriate for designing constructivist learning environments (CLEs). This paper argues that activity theory provides an appropriate framework for analyzing needs, tasks, and outcomes for designing CLEs. Activity theory is a socio-cultural, socio-historical lens through which designers can analyze human activity systems. It focuses on the interaction of human activity and consciousness within its relevant environmental context. Since conscious learning emerges from activity (performance), not as a precursor to it, CLEs should attempt to replicate the activity structures, tools and sign systems, socio-cultural rules, and community expectations that performers must accommodate while acting on some object of learning. After explicating assumptions of activity theory and briefly describing the components of CLEs, this paper describes a process for using activity theory as a framework for describing the components of an activity system that can be modeled in CLEs.His current research focuses on designing constructivist learning environments, cognitive tools for learning, knowledge representation methods, problem solving, computer-supported collaborative argumentation, cognitive task analysis, and individual differences and learning.His current research focuses on designing constructivist learning environments, cognitive tools for learning, knowledge representation methods, problem solving, computer-supported collaborative argumentation, cognitive task analysis, and individual differences and learning.Her research interests include activity theory and structural knowledge.  相似文献   

Visual environment and delay affect cache retrieval accuracy in a food-storing rodent     

Cynthia L. Barkley  Lucia F. Jacobs 《Learning & behavior》1998,26(4):439-447

Many scatter-hoarding species use spatial memory to relocate their food caches. Two factors can affect spatial memory: the availability of landmarks in the environment, and the latency between learning and recall. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we determined the effect of these factors on cache retrieval accuracy in Merriam’s kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami). Kangaroo rats cached seeds in an arena under conditions that varied by retrieval interval (1 or 10 days) and by number of landmarks (0 or 16 landmarks). After 1 day, they recovered equal proportions of caches in both landmark conditions. After 10 days, they recovered more caches in the 16-landmark condition than in the bare condition. This is the first study to show that landmarks are necessary for accurate cache recovery after long delays. This result is consistent with maze studies that have shown that landmarks reduce proactive interference and that delay increases proactive interference.  相似文献   

Sharing cognition to construct scientific knowledge in school context: The role of oral and written discourse   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mason  Lucia 《Instructional Science》1998,26(5):359-389

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Association between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: Dose and sex matter     

Alejandro Santos-Lozano  Alberto Torres Barrn  Pablo Fernndez-Navarro  Pedro L. Valenzuela  Adrin Castillo-Garcia  Luis M. Ruilope  David Ríos Insua  Jos M. Ordovas  Victoria Ley  Alejandro Lucia 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(5):604-606

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A performance technology approach to improving evaluation     

Lucia Robrer-Murphy  Leslie Moller  Bud Benscoter 《Performance Improvement》1997,36(8):10-15

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Utilizing Performance Technology to Improve Evaluative Practices of Instructional Designers     

Leslie Moller  Bud Benscoter  Lucia Rohrer‐Murphy 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2000,13(1):84-95

Although it is clearly established that an effective instructional systems design (ISD) process requires evaluation, previous studies provide evidence to show that everyday practices of instructional designers do not include sufficient or appropriate evaluation. Research suggests that organizational barriers and lack of support for evaluation are a leading cause of its inadequate usage. Without appropriate and sufficient evaluation practices, it is impossible to maintain the integrity of the systematic quality of ISD and threatens to undermine the entire concept of instructional design. This article first examines the purposes and importance of evaluation. Second, it reviews research that describes the less‐than‐optimal performance of practitioners as it relates to conducting evaluation, along with identifying causes for this performance deficiency. Third, it proposes using a model of human performance technology for improving the environment leading to implementation of evaluation.  相似文献