Case Method in the Teaching of Food Safety     

Alfredo Gallego  María S. Fortunato  Susana L. Rossi  Sonia E. Korol  Juan A. Moretton 《Journal of Food Science Education》2013,12(3):42-47

One of the fundamental aims of education is the integration of theory and practice. The case method is a teaching strategy in which students must apply their knowledge to solve real‐life situations. They have to analyze the case described and propose the best possible solution. Although the case may be written, the use of new information and communication technologies can develop the case plan in ways that would achieve greater realism and widen the possibilities for discussion. This paper describes our experience in implementing the case method to teach food safety in the Chair of Hygiene. At first this methodology was used to improve the teaching of good practices in food preparation, later practical work was implemented where small groups of students designed and carried out the microbiological analysis of suspected food. This practical work was presented online as a multimedia activity; students were given face‐to‐face and on‐line tutoring. Evaluation was based both on students’ performance and on a survey they had to answer. More than 92% of students regarded the methodology used for the understanding of the unit as sound. Professors collaboration on providing guidance and multimedia presentation were also positively assessed. The bringing together of face‐to‐face and virtual tasks and small‐group discussion of cases under professors guidance contributed to making good use of the positive aspects of this methodology in order to improve the understanding of problems which do not always have a single answer.  相似文献   

Level of deprivation does not affect degree of discounting in pigeons     

Luís Oliveira  Amanda L. Calvert  Leonard Green  Joel Myerson 《Learning & behavior》2013,41(2):148-158

Two experiments tested the effects of food deprivation on discounting in pigeons. An adjusting-amount procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of food at delays ranging from 1 to 24 s. Experiment 1 compared pigeons’ discounting of delayed food reinforcers at 75 %–80 % and 90 %–95 % of free-feeding weight. Experiment 2 compared discounting under 1- and 23-h food deprivation. In both experiments at both deprivation levels, discounting was well described by the hyperboloid discounting function. No systematic effect of level of deprivation on degree of discounting was observed in either experiment. This finding is consistent with the view that pigeons’ choices are controlled by the relative, rather than the absolute, value of reinforcers.  相似文献   

Implicit indexing of natural language text by reorganizing bytecodes     

Nieves R. Brisaboa  Antonio Fari?a  Susana Ladra  Gonzalo Navarro 《Information Retrieval》2012,15(6):527-557

Word-based byte-oriented compression has succeeded on large natural language text databases, by providing competitive compression ratios, fast random access, and direct sequential searching. We show that by just rearranging the target symbols of the compressed text into a tree-shaped structure, and using negligible additional space, we obtain a new implicitly indexed representation of the compressed text, where search times are drastically improved. The occurrences of a word can be listed directly, without any text scanning, and in general any inverted-index-like capability, such as efficient phrase searches, can be emulated without storing any inverted list information. We experimentally show that our proposal performs not only much more efficiently than sequential searches over compressed text, but also than explicit inverted indexes and other types of indexes, when using little extra space. Our representation is especially successful when searching for single words and short phrases.  相似文献   

International trends in health science librarianship: Part 4 – Four Southern European countries     

Evagelia Lappa  Artemis Chaleplioglou  Gaetana Cognetti  Maurella Della Seta  Federica Napolitani Cheyne  Veronica Juan‐Quilis  Laura Muñoz‐Gonzalez  Sílvia Lopes 《Health information and libraries journal》2012,29(4):338-343

This is the fourth in a series of articles exploring international trends in health science librarianship in four Southern European countries in the first decade of the 21st century. The invited authors are from Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Future issues will track trends in Latin America and Central Europe. JM  相似文献   

Modeling the probabilistic distribution of the impact factor     

José María Sarabia  Faustino PrietoCarmen Trueba 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(1):66-79

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Validating chemical and structural changes in painting materials by principal component analysis of spectroscopic data using internal mineral standards     

Julia Romero-Pastor  Carolina Cardell  África Yebra-Rodríguez  Alejandro B. Rodríguez-Navarro 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2013,14(6):509-514

This work shows the capability of principal component analysis (PCA) to detect molecular, chemical and mineralogical changes in historic painting materials subjected to a thermal ageing test (< 250 °C). To simulate the heat-induced alterations an ageing accelerated process was performed on two sets of samples containing two mineral phases (hydroxyapatite and quartz) and two organic compounds (collagen and albumin). The chosen minerals behaved as internal standards during the tests since they are stable and chemically inert at the tested temperatures. Raman microscopy (RM) was applied to characterise one set of samples made of bone, containing ca. 70% hydroxyapatite and 30% collagen. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the other set of samples made of four different quartz/albumin mixtures with quartz contents of 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% (w/w). The aim was to identify the ideal proportion of internal standard to be validated by ATR-FTIR and PCA, determined to be 70%. PCA analyses detected changes in the molecular structures of the organic components while the internal mineral standard remained stable. Moreover, the internal standard IR/Raman bands were constant during the tests and confirmed that the results of PCA analyses were independent of instrumental and technical factors, as well as sample collecting and handling. This demonstrates the potential benefits of our approach to study historical painting materials, which have suffered any type of heat-induced alteration.  相似文献   

Erratum to “Transylvanian glass icons: A GC/MS study on the binding media” [J. Culher. (2012) doi:10.1016/j.culher.2012.10.009]     

Márta Júlia Guttmann  Anna Lluveras-Tenorio  Alessia Andreotti  Maria Perla Colombini  Luminiţa Silaghi-Dumitrescu  Olimpia Coman-Sipeanu 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2013,14(5):448

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Toward a Longitudinal Model of e-Commerce: Environmental,Technological, and Organizational Drivers of B2C Adoption     

Inma Rodríguez-Ardura  Antoni Meseguer-Artola 《The Information Society》2013,29(3):209-227

Despite the important benefits for firms of commercial initiatives on the Internet, e-commerce is still an emerging distribution channel, even in developed countries. Thus, more needs to be known about the mechanisms affecting its development. A large number of works have studied firms' e-commerce adoption from technological, intraorganizational, institutional, or other specific perspectives, but there is a need for adequately tested integrative frameworks. Hence, this work proposes and tests a model of firms' business-to-consumer (called B2C) e-commerce adoption that is founded on a holistic vision of the phenomenon. With this integrative approach, the authors analyze the joint influence of environmental, technological, and organizational factors; moreover, they evaluate this effect over time. Using various representative Spanish data sets covering the period 1996–2005, the findings demonstrate the suitability of the holistic framework. Likewise, some lessons are learned from the analysis of the key building blocks. In particular, the current study provides evidence for the debate about the effect of competitive pressure, since the findings show that competitive pressure disincentivizes e-commerce adoption in the long term. The results also show that the development or enrichment of the consumers' consumption patterns, the technological readiness of the market forces, the firm's global scope, and its competences in innovation continuously favor e-commerce adoption.  相似文献   

Los mitos esenciales del deporte español     

Raúl Sánchez García 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(10):1501-1503

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Friday Night Fighter: Gaspar ‘Indio' Ortega and the Golden Age of Television Boxing     

Ignacio M. García 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2239-2240

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