What do individuals in different science groups within a life sciences organization think about genetic modification?     

Fisher M  Small B  Roth H  Mallon M  Jerebine B 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(3):317-326

An assessment was undertaken of the attitudes of individuals within the science community towards a program to produce genetically modified cattle for altered milk composition, expectantly allowing for research into the treatment of multiple sclerosis in humans. The majority of respondents to an electronic survey expressed favorable attitudes to the program, thought it beneficial, respected individual freedom and was fair and just and disagreed that it was harmful. A passion for science and having a suitable lifestyle were the most important motivating factors for individuals. Finally, there were a wide range of responses to a number of cultural beliefs or myths. Science grouping significantly affected the responses. Compared with Systems and Land groups, Plant and Reproduction groups more strongly agreed with the project, thought it less harmful to interest groups, felt that genetic modification of animals was more morally acceptable, and more strongly agreed with the myth statements. These results indicate a diversity of beliefs and attitudes towards genetic modification amongst those within the science community, and highlight the importance of understanding ethics and myths in dealing with them. It is suggested that the diversity of beliefs could be better used to help shape public policy and understanding of biotechnology.  相似文献   

Primary and secondary teachers’ conceptions about heritage and heritage education: A comparative analysis     

Jesús Estepa Gimnez  Rosa María vila Ruiz  Mario Ferreras Listn 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2008,24(8):2095-2107

This study describes and analyses the conceptions of primary teachers and secondary teachers of Physics–Chemistry, Biology–Geology and Geography–History with respect to the concept of heritage and its teaching and learning, taking the model of teacher-researcher as the theoretical referent. The data collection instrument used was a questionnaire, designed on the basis of categories that in turn were used for the analysis of the resulting data. The results show a high degree of homogeneity in pedagogic content knowledge, in contrast to the heterogeneity of the conceptions with respect to purely content knowledge.  相似文献   

Improvement of PCR reaction conditions for site-directed mutagenesis of big plasmids     

Bogdan Munteanu  Mario Braun  Kajohn Boonrod 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(4):244-247

QuickChange mutagenesis is the method of choice for site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) of target sequences in a plasmid. It can be applied successfully to small plasmids (up to 10 kb). However, this method cannot efficiently mutate bigger plasmids. Using KOD Hot Start polymerase in combination with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purified primers, we were able to achieve SDM in big plasmids (up to 16 kb) involving not only a single base change but also multiple base changes. Moreover, only six polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycles and 0.5 μl of polymerase (instead of 18 PCR cycles and 1.0 μl of enzyme in the standard protocol) were sufficient for the reaction.  相似文献   

Race and School Vouchers: Legal,Historical, and Political Contexts     

Mark A. Gooden  Huriya Jabbar  Mario S. Torres  Jr. 《Peabody Journal of Education》2016,91(4):522-536

This article investigates legal and political issues as they relate to school vouchers serving students of color. Specifically, we draw on the empirical, historical, and legal research to examine whether school vouchers will create a more equitable system of education for poor students of color. First, we present a history of vouchers, including how they were used to support segregation. We then discuss how vouchers as a broad opportunity for educational equity for poor children (of color) might present particular challenges in light of, first, the race-neutral approach in contemporary case law and state statutes and, second, the relatively small percentage of U.S. children taking advantage of such programs. Finally, we present empirical results regarding African American families’ support and use of vouchers and a discussion of the racial politics of school vouchers. We argue that unless voucher programs and proponents address race directly, operate on a larger scale, and attend to the broader social justice issues facing urban communities, it will be difficult for such policies to support the greater good for African American children or society as a whole.  相似文献   

Examining entrepreneurial attributes of Latin American female university students     

Marcia Villasana  Rafael Alcaraz-Rodríguez  Mario Moisés Alvarez 《Gender and education》2016,28(1):148-166

The phenomenon of women engaging in entrepreneurship is expanding and becoming acknowledged as a valuable resource that must be institutionally and socially supported. Through entrepreneurship education, female students, as potential entrepreneurs, can develop and strengthen those skills and behaviours identified as characteristic of successful entrepreneurs. This paper explores four attributes associated with entrepreneurship (creativity, problem management, risk management, and self-confidence) of 1838 undergraduate students from 11 universities in Latin America (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Uruguay) and one in Spain, used as a control group. By comparing the results for the male and female student population, self-confidence appears as an attribute that is present at the same level in both groups; statistically significant differences were reported for the other three attributes (creativity, problem management, and risk management). Entrepreneurship programmes can utilise such information to strengthen in female students those attributes for successful engagement in entrepreneurial activity.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Roger  Kerstin  D'Souza  Mario O. 《Interchange》1994,25(2):229-236

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College Student Success: A Qualitative Modeling Approach     

Ralph Mario Wirth  Raymond V. Padilla 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(9):688-711

This qualitative study highlighted student perspectives on barriers to success at a community college located in a south Texas city. The study examined barriers to student success, the knowledge that successful students possess to overcome the barriers, and the actions that successful students undertake to overcome the barriers. Padilla's (2004 Padilla , R. V. ( 1999 ). College student retention: Focus on success . Journal of College Student Retention , 1 ( 2 ), 131 – 145 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) theoretical framework and methods for modeling student success provided the conceptual framework for the study. The data analysis resulted in the development of a local student success model and an implementation model for student services at the subject campus.  相似文献   

Determination of the prevalence of anabolic steroids,stimulants, and selected drugs subject to doping controls among elite sport students using analytical chemistry     

Mario Thevis  Michael Sauer  Hans Geyer  Gerd Sigmund  Ute Mareck  Wilhelm Schänzer 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1059-1065

Abstract

Drug abuse by adolescents has been investigated in various surveys that reported correlations between age, gender, and activity. However, none of these studies included chemical analyses to help substantiate the statements of participants. In the present study, the urine specimens of 964 students (439 females, 525 males; mean age 22.1 years, s = 1.7), who applied to study sports sciences at university, were assessed for anabolic steroids, stimulants, and selected drugs prohibited in sports. In total, 11.2% of the urine specimens provided contained drugs covered by doping controls. The most frequently detected compound was the major metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (9.8%) followed by various stimulants related to amphetamine and cocaine (1.0%). Indications of anabolic steroid use were found in 0.4% of urine samples but originated from contraceptives containing norethisterone. The present study provided unambiguous data on the status quo of drug (ab)use by adolescents hoping for a career related to elite sport or sports sciences. No use of anabolic steroids was detected. However, evidence for stimulants and tetrahydrocannabinol administration was obtained, although not reported by any participant, which highlights the issue of under-reporting in surveys based solely on questionnaires.  相似文献   

Secular trend: morphology and performance     

Adrien Sedeaud  Andy Marc  Julien Schipman  Karine Schaal  Mario Danial  Marion Guillaume 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1146-1154

In a context of morphological expansion of the general population, how do athletes follow such a pattern of anthropometric growth? Is there any relation to performance? Biometric data including mass, height, body mass index (BMI) and age were collected for 50,376 American athletes representing 249,336 annual performers playing in professional baseball, football, ice hockey and basketball. Distributions by mass in National Football League (NFL) players are described by periods. Field goals have been studied in relation to players’ height in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Between 1871 and 2011, athletes from the four sports have increased significantly in mass, height and BMI, following a multi-exponential function series. Consequently, biometric differences between athletes and the general population are increasing gradually. Changes in the mass distribution within the NFL show the emergence of a biometrical specificity in relation to the field position. At the professional level, performance remains structured around precise biometric values. In the NBA, a height-attractor at 201.3 ± 6.3 cm for the best scorers is invariant, regardless of the level of play. These results suggest that laws of growth and biometrics drive high-level sport and organise performance around the specific constraint of each field position. Discrepancies between some mass and height developments question the (disproportionate) large mass increase (relative to the height increase) during the 1980s and 1990s.  相似文献   

Book review     

John M. Mackenzie  J.A. Mangan  Dennis Brailsford  Roy Small  Nicholas Orme  Ronald A. Smith 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):239-257

A.K. Dickinson, P.J. Lee and P.J. Rogers (eds.), Learning History (London: Heincmann Educational Books, 1984) Pp.x + 230. £5.95.

William Boyd, School Ties (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985). Pp.144, £8.95.

Randy Roberts, Papa Jack: Jack Johnson and the Era of White Hopes (New York: The Free Press/London: Collier Macmillan, 1983). Pp.274.

John Burrowes, Denny: The Life and Times of a Fighting Legend (London: Fontana, 1984, first published Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing Company, 1982). Pp.xii + 277. £1.95 (paperback).

J.K. Anderson, Hunting in the Ancient World (Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press, 1985). Pp. xiii + 192. £29.95 (hardback).

Thomas G. Bergin, The Game: The Harvard‐Yale Football Rivalry, 1875–1983 (New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 1985). Pp.xiii + 367. £19.95.

John Harding, Football Wizard. The Story of Billy Meredith (Derby: Bredon

Books, 1985). Pp.240. £4.95.

Charles E. Funnell,By the Beautiful Sea: The Rise and High Times of That Great American Resort, Atlantic City (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1983). Pp.209.

J.R.L. Anderson, High Mountains and Cold Seas (London: Victor Gollancz, 1982), Pp.366. £10.95.

Gerald Pawle, R.ES. Wyatt—Fighting Cricketer (London: George Allen & Unwin 1985). Pp.xvii + 278. £12.95.

Peter Wynne‐Thomas, ’Give Me Arthur’: A Biography of Arthur Shrewsbury (London: Arthur Barker, 1985). Pp.xi + 163. £9.95.

Michael D. Smith, Violence and Sport (Toronto: Butterworth, 1983) Pp.vii + 215. £20.00.  相似文献