Knowledge Based Artificial Augmentation Intelligence Technology: Next Step in Academic Instructional Tools for Distance Learning     

Dale Crowe  Martin LaPierre  Mansureh Kebritchi 《TechTrends》2017,61(5):494-506

With augmented intelligence/knowledge based system (KBS) it is now possible to develop distance learning applications to support both curriculum and administrative tasks. Instructional designers and information technology (IT) professionals are now moving from the programmable systems era that started in the 1950s to the cognitive computing era. In cognitive computing or KBS a machine understands natural language, adapts, learns, and generates and evaluates hypotheses. A KBS system can manage data and assist instructional designers in creating tools and curricula that generate meaningful applications. As a proof of the concept, the authors conducted an exploratory case study with the input of twenty subject-matter experts (programmers, instructional designers, and content experts) for development of a proto-type KBS scholarly writing software (SWS) application that can be used for distance/online learning. Philosophical differences between the artificial intelligence and augmented intelligence approaches are also discussed. The role of instructional designers in the development and use of augmented intelligence with IBM’s Watson is also a significant part of the discussion.  相似文献   

Social support,academic adversity and academic buoyancy: a person-centred analysis and implications for academic outcomes     

Rebecca J. Collie  Andrew J. Martin  Dorothy Bottrell  Derrick Armstrong  Michael Ungar  Linda Liebenberg 《教育心理学》2017,37(5):550-564

The present study employed person-centred analyses that enabled identification of groups of students separated on the basis of their perceptions of social support (home and community), academic support, academic adversity and academic buoyancy. Among a sample of 249 young people, including many from high-needs communities, cluster analysis revealed three distinct groups of students: the thriver, supported struggler and at-risk struggler. We compared the three groups on their academic motivation. Analyses revealed significant differences between groups in adaptive motivation outcomes, but no differences in impeding or maladaptive motivation outcomes. Combined, the results speak to the importance of support and academic buoyancy for positive student outcomes.  相似文献   

Simulation research and design: a dual-level framework for multi-project research programs     

Fink  Maximilian C.  Radkowitsch  Anika  Bauer  Elisabeth  Sailer  Michael  Kiesewetter  Jan  Schmidmaier  Ralf  Siebeck  Matthias  Fischer  Frank  Fischer  Martin R. 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2021,69(2):809-841

Collaborations between researchers and practitioners have recently become increasingly popular in education, and educational design research (EDR) may benefit greatly from investigating such partnerships. One important domain in which EDR on collaborations between researchers and practitioners can be applied is research on simulation-based learning. However, frameworks describing both research and design processes in research programs on simulation-based learning are currently lacking. The framework proposed in this paper addresses this research gap. It is derived from theory and delineates levels, phases, activities, roles, and products of research programs to develop simulations as complex scientific artifacts for research purposes. This dual-level framework applies to research programs with a research committee and multiple subordinate research projects. The proposed framework is illustrated by examples from the actual research and design process of an interdisciplinary research program investigating the facilitation of diagnostic competences through instructional support in simulations. On a theoretical level, the framework contributes primarily to the literature of EDR by offering a unique dual-level perspective. Moreover, on a practical level, the framework may help by providing recommendations to guide the research and design process in research programs.

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Comment on “frequency and impact of spelling errors in bibliographic databases”, by Charles P. Bourne     

W. A. Martin 《Information processing & management》1977,13(6):389

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The renewal of regional capabilities : Experimental regionalism in Germany     

Martin Heidenreich 《Research Policy》2005,34(5):739-757

The innovativeness of a region depends on its ability to recombine technological, organisational and scientific capabilities. This recombination can be facilitated by regional policies. In the past, these policies provided a stable set of “local collective competition goods” supporting interorganisational patterns of cooperation, communication and competition. Given the increasing uncertainties of an internationalised knowledge society, these stable regional orders are challenged by new, more open-ended and experimental patterns of regional policies. These policies treat regions as social fields whose political and economic boundaries, identities, dominant coalitions and governance structures are constructed in bargaining and exchange relations. Also the type of collective competition goods required and their target groups are the result of negotiations involving not only political actors and business associations but also enterprises and trade unions. This shift to a discursive renewal of regional capabilities, as well as the difficulties and limitations encountered by such “experimental regionalism”, is illustrated on the basis of an East and a West German region. Leipzig had to create a new economic and business structure and to integrate the existing firms into regional networks in order to enhance its innovative capabilities. In Leipzig, these two challenges were met by separate, newly created institutions thus hampering the regional integration and innovativeness of the recently recreated industrial basis. In Nuremberg, the transformation of a traditional industrial region into a technology and service-based one was facilitated by a common vision, regional networks, new research facilities and favourable conditions for start-up activities. In this case, a new regional “steering committee” facilitated the integration and renewal of formerly isolated regional capabilities thus demonstrating the potential of a discursive renewal of regional innovation systems.  相似文献   

小脑作用并不小   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

James M.Bower  Lawrence M.Parsons 《科学中国》2003,(10)

"在我们的颅后窝内,附着于拱形颅骨半球下的脑干上,有一团棒球大小的豆状灰白色脑组织,这就是小脑."  相似文献   

Promoting technological capability in the capital goods sector: the case of singapore     

Martin Fransman 《Research Policy》1984,13(1):33-54

This paper contributes to the new interest in technological change in semi-industrial countries by examining technological capability in the machine-producing sector in Singapore. The difficulties involved in conceptualizing and measuring technological capability in less developed countries are discussed and the case study material is then presented. Particular attention is paid to the role of government promotion in the development of technological capability. In this connection the present study provides a useful contrast with the position in Hong Kong studied in an earlier paper. While both Singapore and Hong Kong have instituted a near-free-trade regime, there is a far greater degree of government intervention in the former than in the latter case. By contrast the governments of both South Korea and Taiwan have granted selective protection in order to encourage some kinds of domestic machine production. The paper ends with some critical comments regarding the Singapore government's policy towards the machine-producing sector.  相似文献   

University spin-out companies and venture capital   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mike Wright  Andy Lockett  Bart Clarysse  Martin Binks 《Research Policy》2006,35(4):481-501

The creation of university spin-out companies that create wealth is a major policy objective of governments and universities. Finance is a catalyst of this wealth creation yet access to venture capital is a major impediment faced by these companies. In this article we adopt a finance pecking order perspective to examine the problems faced by those university spin-out companies seeking to access venture capital. We triangulate evidence from spin-out companies, university technology transfer offices and venture capital firms in the UK and Continental Europe to identify the problems and to suggest policy developments for these parties as well as government. We compare perceptions of high-tech venture capital firms that invest in spin-outs with those that do not, and also consider VCs’ views on spin-outs versus other high-tech firms. Our evidence identifies a mismatch between the demand and supply side of the market. In line with the pecking order theory, venture capitalists prefer to invest after the seed stage. However, in contrast to the pecking order theory, TTOs see venture capital as more important than internal funds early on. We develop policy implications for universities, technology transfer offices, academic entrepreneurs, venture capital firms and government and suggest areas for further research.  相似文献   

Anatomists debate the value of a teaching credential     

Lawrence J. Rizzolo  Richard L. Drake 《Anatomical sciences education》2008,1(2):60-67

Fewer and fewer programs are training graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in the classical anatomical disciplines. Nonetheless, there remains a need at all levels of clinical and basic science education for skilled instructors of anatomy, histology, and embryology. Two sessions at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists (AAA) explored whether a system of accreditation would benefit students, institutions, and training programs. Although the value of accreditation was controversial, three challenges for the various anatomical societies emerged from these discussions: (1) To identify the skills and knowledge that should be shared among all anatomists, and the more specific skills and knowledge needed for the diverse settings in which anatomists work. (2) To address the historical inattention of institutions to the training of educators. (3) To develop strategies to lobby institutions and national organizations to support the training and work of educators in the anatomical sciences. One approach to meeting these challenges would be to develop guidelines for training programs. These guidelines would help graduate students seek the training they need, provide institutions with a benchmark to assess or develop training programs, and provide the basis for focusing lobbying efforts targeted at institutions or existing accreditation bodies. Anat Sci Ed 1:60–67, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.  相似文献   

Embedding CETLs in a performance‐oriented culture in higher education: Reflections on finding creative space     

Lynn Clouder  Martin Oliver  Jo Tait 《British Educational Research Journal》2008,34(5):635-650

This article offers insight into the realization of the Higher Education Funding Council for England's vision for Centres for Excellence in Teaching and Learning (CETLs) as catalysts for change. Two CETLs, the Centre for Interprofessional e‐Learning (CIPeL) and the Surrey Centre for Excellence in Professional Training and Education (SCEPTrE), provide illustrative cases of two similar but different change initiatives. CETLs might be expected to embody and inspire creativity in teaching and learning yet they are embedded in institutions where activities are increasingly shaped by the discourse of performativity. Findings from the two case studies, which focus on similar schemes designed to promote staff involvement in creative projects, challenge the suggestion that creativity is stifled in a performative context.  相似文献