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Marji Erickson Warfield Penny Hauser-Cram Marty Wyngaarden Krauss Jack P. Shonkoff Carole C. Upshur 《Early education and development》2000,11(4):499-517
In this investigation we examine the relation between intensity, duration, and comprehensiveness of early intervention (EI) services and changes in three aspects of maternal well-being: parenting stress, social support, and family cohesion. Data on the hours, length, and types of services received by a sample of 133 children and families from EI programs in Massachusetts and New Hampshire were gathered from the point of entry into EI to the point of discharge around the child's third birthday. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine which measure of EI service intervention contributed significantly to the explained variance in changes in maternal well-being, over and above aspects of the child's functioning and prior levels of maternal well-being. Results indicated that, although greater service intensity was associated with improved family cohesion overall, mothers of children without motor impairment reported greater increases than mothers of children with motor impairment. Service intensity and comprehensiveness predicted significant increases in social support levels. EI services did not have a significant impact on parenting stress. Three practice and policy implications are discussed: building flexibility into EI service provision to be responsive to individual family needs; attending to the accommodations required of families raising a child with a motor impairment; and incorporating other aspects of family functioning into future studies of EI effectiveness. 相似文献
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Claudia Flowers Marty Bray Robert F. Algozzine 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(7):475-485
Community colleges frequently are the points of access to postsecondary training and education for members of special populations. Physical barriers are obvious problems that limit access for individuals with disabilities, and community colleges have made reasonable accommodations in this regard. One area that often is overlooked, however, is the on-line barriers that limit access to Web-based content. This study examined the Web-based content accessibility of community college home pages. A total of 253 community college home pages were evaluated for content accessibility. Only 23% of the community college home pages evaluated were determined to be accessible to individuals with disabilities. Types of accessibility problems, resources for designing accessible Web sites, and methods for validating Web sites are reported. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of various alternatives for generic pronoun usage on judgments of speaker credibility. The effects of pronoun usage were examined in interaction with the sex of speaker, sex of listener, and the sex‐typicality of speech topics. Four dimensions of speaker credibility were investigated: composure, dynamism, sociability, and competence. In terms of generic pronoun usage, the results of this study indicate that using “she” can negatively affect perceptions of social attractiveness for all speakers and, in particular, affect a male speaker's perceived competence. The generic “they,” however, did not hinder perceived credibility in any way and, in fact, for females enhanced listeners’ perceptions of their competence. In general, results of this study suggest that if a communicator wishes to use a nontraditional generic pronoun, especially “they,” to express a commitment to greater equity between the sexes, then their credibility will not be significantly diminished. 相似文献
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ResumenEsta investigarón tiene como objeto averiguar el efecto de claves visuales que representan diversas relaciones específicas entre objetos, en pruebas de memoria aplicadas a 611 niños de siete años de edad, divididos en seis grupos experimentales. Los resultados sugieren un mejor recuerdo de las asociaciones sintagmáticas frente a las asociaciones paradigmáticas. Este hecho puede interpretarse como un dominio de la memoria episódica sobre la semántica en una determinada etapa evolutiva (aunque una interpretación alternativa sugiere que la interacción entre tarea y prueba tiene más peso que la interacción entre tarea y sujeto). Si se acepta el dominio de la memoria episódica en una cierta etapa evolutiva, queda pendiente de averiguar si este dominio se mantiene o no a lo largo de etapas posteriores y, en caso afirmativo, cuáles serían las implicaciones. 相似文献
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Claudia Flowers Marty Bray Robert F. Algozzine 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2001,1(3)
Professional organisations play a central role in efforts to make public and private facilities and resources accessible. Hundreds of organisations have formed to support the development and maintenance of services to individuals with disabilities. The World Wide Web (WWW) has become a valuable resource for individuals with disabilities, but on-line barriers create significant limitations in content accessibility. This study evaluated the content accessibility of professional organisation home pages. One hundred and eighty-seven home pages were evaluated for content accessibility. The results indicated that 72% of them had significant accessibility problems that severely affect their usability by people with disabilities. The types of accessibility problems are presented, as well as methods for validating and areas for improving Web sites. 相似文献
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In this article we establish three claims: (1) When the target software is proprietary, in the absence of other overriding ethical considerations, the identification of a vulnerability and the development, sale, and purchase of non-zero-day exploits are ethically justified; (2) when the target software is Free/Libre/Open Source, the buying and selling of vulnerabilities can be ethically justified only in a very narrow situation, while the sale and purchase of non-zero-day exploits is ethically justified absent of any other overriding information; and (3) democratic governments should promote legislation that either incentivizes corporate in-house vulnerability identification and mitigation programs or requires firms to more fully absorb the societal costs of insecure software. 相似文献