A "Second Life" for gross anatomy: applications for multiuser virtual environments in teaching the anatomical sciences     

Richardson A  Hazzard M  Challman SD  Morgenstein AM  Brueckner JK 《Anatomical sciences education》2011,4(1):39-43

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Assessment of learning gains associated with independent exam analysis in introductory biology     

William AE  Aguilar-Roca NM  Tsai M  Wong M  Beaupré MM  O'Dowd DK 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(4):346-356

This study evaluates the impact of an independent postmidterm question analysis exercise on the ability of students to answer subsequent exam questions on the same topics. It was conducted in three sections (～400 students/section) of introductory biology. Graded midterms were returned electronically, and each student was assigned a subset of questions answered incorrectly by more than 40% of the class to analyze as homework. The majority of questions were at Bloom's application/analysis level; this exercise therefore emphasized learning at these higher levels of cognition. Students in each section answered final exam questions matched by topic to all homework questions, providing a within-class control group for each question. The percentage of students who correctly answered the matched final exam question was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the Topic Analysis versus Control Analysis group for seven of 19 questions. We identified two factors that influenced activity effectiveness: 1) similarity in topic emphasis of the midterm-final exam question pair and 2) quality of the completed analysis homework. Our data suggest that this easy-to-implement exercise will be useful in large-enrollment classes to help students develop self-regulated learning skills. Additional strategies to help introductory students gain a broader understanding of topic areas are discussed.  相似文献   

Efficient phrase querying with common phrase index     

Matthew Chang  Chung Keung Poon 《Information processing & management》2008

In this paper, we propose a common phrase index as an efficient index structure to support phrase queries in a very large text database. Our structure is an extension of previous index structures for phrases and achieves better query efficiency with modest extra storage cost. Further improvement in efficiency can be attained by implementing our index according to our observation of the dynamic nature of common word set. In experimental evaluation, a common phrase index using 255 common words has an improvement of about 11% and 62% in query time for the overall and large queries (queries of long phrases) respectively over an auxiliary nextword index. Moreover, it has only about 19% extra storage cost. Compared with an inverted index, our improvement is about 72% and 87% for the overall and large queries respectively. We also propose to implement a common phrase index with dynamic update feature. Our experiments show that more improvement in time efficiency can be achieved.  相似文献   

LO + EPSS = just‐in‐time reuse of content to support employee performance     

Frank Nguyen  Matthew Hanzel 《Performance Improvement》2007,46(6):8-14

Those involved in training know that creating instructional materials can become a tedious, repetitive process. They also know that business conditions often require training interventions to be delivered in ways that are not ideally structured or timed. This article examines the notion that learning objects can be reused and adapted for performance support systems. By doing so, a performance technologist can develop content for just‐in‐case training and reuse it for just‐in‐time performance support.  相似文献   

The Efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy Technique in the Treatment of Test Anxiety of College Students     

Matthew Enright  Tracy D. Baldo  Scott D. Wykes 《Journal of College Counseling》2000,3(1):36-48

This study explored the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of test anxiety. Thirty‐five college students with test anxiety were randomly assigned to either a treatment or delayed treatment control group. In this study, EMDR was shown to be effective in reducing overall test anxiety as well as “emotionality” and “worry” components of test anxiety.  相似文献   

Control is the key: Unlocking the motivation of at‐risk students     

Matthew J. Dicintio  Sandra Gee 《Psychology in the schools》1999,36(3):231-237

Traditional instructional environments for at‐risk (i.e., unmotivated) students are teacher controlled and provide low‐level, routine tasks. This, however, contradicts current theory and research regarding environments that enhance motivation to learn. To effectively assist motivationally disadvantaged students, instructional environments must support autonomy and challenge. Six “at‐risk” students in an alternative education program completed motivation surveys after engaging in various learning activities. Overall, the participants completed 54 surveys. Using multiple regression, involvement, boredom, confusion, competence, and desire to be doing something else were regressed on perceived challenge and perceived control. The results indicated that control and challenge were significant predictors of the motivation variables. The findings are discussed in terms of awakening to the powerful influence of instructional tasks on student motivation and desire to engage in learning activities. Limitations of the present study provide insights into future endeavors. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Training Needs Analysis and Evaluation for New Technologies Through the Use of Problem‐based Inquiry     

Matthew Scott  Casey Dennis Doverspike 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2005,18(1):110-124

ABSTRACT The analysis of calls to a help desk, in this case calls to a computer help desk, can serve as a rich source of information on the real world problems that individuals are having with the implementation of a new technology. Thus, we propose that an analysis of help desk calls, a form of problem‐based inquiry, can serve as a fast and low cost means of both analyzing training needs and evaluating training. We illustrate the use of problem‐based inquiry through a case study of the analysis of help desk calls made after the delivery of a training program that served to introduce a new type of document management system in a professional services firm. Based on the analysis of help desk calls it should be possible to modify future training so as to enhance transfer to the job environment.  相似文献   

An extinction cue reduces spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion     

Douglas C. Brooks  Matthew I. Palmatier  Eliseo O. Garcia  Jessica L. Johnson 《Learning & behavior》1999,27(1):77-88

The effect of an auditory cue presented during extinction on spontaneous recovery of a conditioned taste aversion was investigated in three experiments. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the presence of the cue during extinction did not influence saccharin consumption during that phase, and that an aversion to saccharin in the absence of the cue was stronger at 18 days than at 1 day after extinction, representing spontaneous recovery rather than a renewal effect. Experiment 2 showed that a cue presented during extinction and testing reduced spontaneous recovery. Experiment 3 replicated that effect and showed that it depended on the cue’s correlation with extinction and not on an unconditioned effect; cues that had been presented during or prior to conditioning did not reduce spontaneous recovery when presented during testing. The cue’s potential to reduce spontaneous recovery through conditioned inhibition or configural cue learning is discussed, as is the possibility that the cue retrieves a saccharin extinction memory in a manner consistent with Bouton’s (1993) account of spontaneous recovery.  相似文献   

Politics in organizational change and the human performance technologist     

Matthew Alexander  Jodane Christoffersen 《Performance Improvement》2004,43(4):21-27

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Embracing Death: Mexican Parent and Child Perspectives on Death     

Isabel T. Gutiérrez  David Menendez  Matthew J. Jiang  Iseli G. Hernandez  Peggy Miller  Karl S. Rosengren 《Child development》2020,91(2):e491-e511

A mixed-method approach was used to explore parent and child perspectives on death in Mexico. Parents’ and children’s death-related experiences and understanding of death were examined. While all children in this sample displayed a biological understanding of death, older children were less likely to endorse that all living things die. Children also displayed coexistence of beliefs related to death that can be attributed to both their biological and spiritual understanding of death. We also found that older children were more likely to report that a child should feel sad following the death of a loved one. These findings highlight how cultural practices shape the development of cognitive and affective processes related to death.  相似文献