Feedback: Task analysis—does it get us to where we really oughta wanta go?     

Bill Brooks  Arthur De W. Smith 《Performance Improvement》1980,19(7):25-27

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The effects of work:rest duration on physiological and perceptual responses during intermittent exercise and performance     

Price M  Moss P 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(14):1613-1621

In this study, we examined the effects of different work:rest durations during 20 min intermittent treadmill running and subsequent performance. Nine males (mean age 25.8 years, s = 6.8; body mass 73.9 kg, s = 8.8; stature 1.75 m, s = 0.05; VO(2max) 55.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 5.8) undertook repeated sprints at 120% of the speed at which VO(2max) was attained interspersed with passive recovery. The work:rest ratio was constant (1:1.5) with trials involving either short (6:9 s) or long (24:36 s) work:rest exercise protocols (total exercise time 8 min). Each trial was followed by a performance run to volitional exhaustion at the same running speed. Testing order was randomized and counterbalanced. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood glucose were similar between trials (P > 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was greater during the long than the short exercise protocol (P < 0.05), whereas blood pH was lower during the long than the short exercise protocol (7.28, s = 0.11 and 7.30, s = 0.03 at 20 min, respectively; P < 0.05). Perceptions of effort were greater throughout exercise for the long than the short exercise protocol (16.6, s = 1.4 and 15.1, s = 1.6 at 20 min, respectively; P < 0.05) and correlated with blood lactate (r = 0.43) and bicarbonate concentrations (r = 0.59; P < 0.05). Although blood lactate concentration at 20 min was related to performance time (r = - 0.56; P < 0.05), no differences were observed between trials for time to exhaustion (short exercise protocol: 95.8 s, s = 30.0; long exercise protocol: 92.0 s, s = 37.1) or physiological responses at exhaustion (P > 0.05). Our results demonstrate that 20 min of intermittent exercise involving a long work:rest duration elicits greater metabolic and perceptual strain than intermittent exercise undertaken with a short work:rest duration but does not affect subsequent run time to exhaustion.  相似文献   

Nutritional strategies to optimize training and racing in middle-distance athletes     

Stellingwerff T  Boit MK  Res PT;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S17-S28

Middle-distance athletes implement a dynamic continuum in training volume, duration, and intensity that utilizes all energy-producing pathways and muscle fibre types. At the centre of this periodized training regimen should be a periodized nutritional approach that takes into account acute and seasonal nutritional needs induced by specific training and competition loads. The majority of a middle-distance athlete's training and racing is dependant upon carbohydrate-derived energy provision. Thus, to support this training and racing intensity, a high carbohydrate intake should be targeted. The required energy expenditure throughout each training phase varies significantly, and thus the total energy intake should also vary accordingly to better maintain an ideal body composition. Optimizing acute recovery is highly dependant upon the immediate consumption of carbohydrate to maximize glycogen resynthesis rates. To optimize longer-term recovery, protein in conjunction with carbohydrate should be consumed. Supplementation of beta-alanine or sodium bicarbonate has been shown to augment intra- and extracellular buffering capacities, which may lead to a small performance increase. Future studies should aim to alter specific exercise (resistance vs. endurance) and/or nutrition stimuli and measure downstream effects at multiple levels that include gene and molecular signalling pathways, leading to muscle protein synthesis, that result in optimized phenotypic adaptation and performance.  相似文献   

The influence of cycling intensity upon cognitive response during inferred practice and competition conditions     

Michael J. Duncan  Neil D. Clarke  Martin Cox  Mike Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(19):1865-1871

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Twenty years of ECSS: A scientific balancing act?     

Jean Camy  Mike McNamee 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):1-4

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Montana's Indian Education for All: Applying Multicultural Education Theory     

Jioanna Carjuzaa  Mike Jetty  Michael Munson  Teresa Veltkamp 《Multicultural Perspectives》2013,15(4):192-198

Montana's constitutional commitment to the cultural heritages of American Indians exemplifies the practical application of multicultural education. In this article, the authors explore the goals and evolution of Indian Education for All within a multicultural education framework, and discuss how educators are best prepared to implement this transformative educational policy.  相似文献   

British Sporting Literature and Culture in the Long Eighteenth Century     

Mike Huggins 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(6-7):763-765

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The secret life of the chemical bond: students’ anthropomorphic and animistic references to bonding     

Keith S. Taber  Mike Watts 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):557-568

This paper discusses students’ use of anthropomorphic language in science, and in particular calls upon some examples from research into student understanding of chemical bonding. It is argued that anthropomorphic language is common amongst scientists as well as science students. A simple classification of such instances is suggested to distinguish between those examples that are useful in aiding communication and understanding, and those which merely stand in place of such understanding.  相似文献   

Raising tomatoes and rearing children     

Bill Roweton 《Education 3-13》2013,41(2)

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Sixth‐formers’ views of their science education, 11‐16     

Mike Watts  Dave Ebbutt 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(2):211-219

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