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91.
Malik Ajamaluddin Mohd A. Khan Asad U Khan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2000,15(2):104-109
R-plasmids that transfer antibiotic resistance are common in the non-pathogenicEscherichia coli of the gastro-intestinal tract of human beings and domestic animals, which inturn may enter into sewage. Therefore we have
isolated 30Escherichia coli isolates from hospital sewage of Aligarh city. These isolates were tested for their resistance and sensitivity against 10
antibiotics. 90% isolates showed resistance against ampicillin and sulphamethizole. Of the total 30E. coli isolates 86.6% were resistant to erythromycin and rifampicin but none of them was resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin.
Plasmids (mol. wt. 16.5 mega daltons) were isolated from five differentE. coli strains which harboured only a single plasmid and were characterized on the basis of antibiogram. Moreover, the transformation
experiments were also performed to confirm the resistant character on the plasmid. We conclude that multiple drug resistance
among most of theE. coli isolates is plasmid borne. 相似文献
92.
Pek Leng NG ;Nor Fadilah RAJAB ;Sue Mian THEN ;Yasmin Anum MOHD YUSOF ;Wan Zurinah WAN NGAH ;Kar Yong PIN ;Mee Lee LOOI 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2014,15(8):692-700
研究目的：探讨萎叶（PB）提取物对5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）抑制结肠癌细胞HT29和HCT116生长的影响。研究方法：HT29和HCT116细胞分别给予PB、5-FU以及两种药物联合治疗24小时,应用等效线图法分析PB和5-FU的药效学相互作用,AnnexinV／PI染色法检测HT29和HCT116细胞的凋丁L=情况,高效液相色谱法排除PB和5-FU间任何可能的相互化学作用。重要结论：联合PB,低剂量5-FU可以在短时间内起到细胞毒作用,而单独应用PB或5-FU治疗较联合治疗可以诱导更多细胞发生凋亡。进一步采用等效线图法分析显示PB和5-Fu的联合作用在抑制结肠癌细胞HT29和HCT116的生长中分别体现出协同和拮抗作用。因此可以认为在HT29细胞中,PB使得较低剂量5-FU发挥最大抑制结肠癌细胞生长效果,然而在HCT116细胞中,PB没有显著降低5-FU的药物浓度,说明PB和5-FU的相互作用不仅仅体现在诱导细胞凋亡方面。 相似文献
93.
This article describes a fabrication process for the generation of a leak proof paper based microfluidic device and a new design strategy for convenient incorporation of externally prepared test zones. Briefly, a negative photolithographic method was used to prepare the device with a partial photoresist layer on the rear of the device to block the leakage of sample. Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy data validated the formation of the photoresist layer. The partial layer of photoresist on the device channel limits sample volume to 7 ± 0.2 μl as compared to devices without the partial photoresist layer which requires a larger sample volume of 10 ± 0.1 μl. The design prototype with a customized external test zone exploits the channel protrusions on the UV exposed photoresist treated paper to bridge the externally applied test zone to the sample and absorbent zones. The partially laminated device with an external test zone has a comparatively low wicking speed of 1.8 ± 0.9 mm/min compared to the completely laminated device with an inbuilt test zone (3.3 ± 1.2 mm/min) which extends the reaction time between the analyte and reagents. The efficacy of the prepared device was studied with colorimetric assays for the non-specific detection of protein by tetrabromophenol blue, acid/base with phenolphthalein indicator, and specific detection of proteins using the HRP-DAB chemistry. The prepared device has the potential for leak proof detection of analyte, requires low sample volume, involves reduced cost of production (∼$0.03, excluding reagent and lamination cost), and enables the integration of customized test zones. 相似文献
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95.
Ahmad Kamal Mohd Natar Rajendran Nagappan Husna Ahmad Ainuddin Ghazali Masuri Chandra Kannan K. Thanapalan 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(1):27-40
Current cognitive screening tests are difficult to use due to their deficit in cultural and conceptual significance and translation into other languages. The purpose of this study was to translate the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics (LOTCA-G) into Malay language and test its reliability and validity for assessing cognitive deficit among institutional elderly who undergo occupational therapy. The study was based on a single group test–retest design of 52 selected subjects (among the elderly). Cronbach's alpha values were used to examine the reliability of the instrument. Convergent validity was also assessed by comparing the adapted Malay version to the original English version for any inconsistencies and abnormality in interpretation. This study concluded that the Malay version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics is reliable as the overall Cronbach's alpha value was more than .90. This study also indicated that both the adapted Malay version and the original English versions of the instruments were consistent in their performance in cognitive components. The findings pointed out that the Malay version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics is appropriate and reliable in identifying deficits in cognitive components in relation to occupational performance for the Malaysian elderly population. 相似文献
96.
Muhammad Awais Bhatti Sharrifah Ali Mohd Faizal Mohd Isa Mohamed Mohamed Battour 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2014,27(1):51-82
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of individual, environmental, training design, and affective reaction factors on training transfer and transfer motivation. To determine the relationship between these factors and their influence on training transfer and to test the model, the researchers collected data from employees in the Malaysian banking sector. Structural equation modeling with Amos 16 was used to test the model and determine the relationship. The study suggested that training stakeholders should manage the training program effectively. Transfer is maximized when trainees have social support, high performance self‐efficacy, and transfer motivation. Stakeholders (e.g., trainers, trainees, supervisors, and peers) are important to the training transfer process, as are learner readiness, trainee reaction, instrumentality, and training retention. This study revealed that perceived content validity and transfer design work together and influence the trainee's performance self‐efficacy. In other words, if trainers want to improve the performance self‐efficacy level of trainees, they need to explain how the trainee can transfer the learned skills at the workplace and make sure the content of the training is similar to the actual job. The main objective of training programs is to align the employee's expertise with organizational goals. Organizations can achieve their desired objectives only when employees transfer the learned skills on the job. Unfortunately, employees often transfer only a small percentage of skills they have learned in training. To effectively manage their training programs, organizations need to identify and focus on the factors that resist effective training transfer. 相似文献
97.
Zainol Badli Budiman Lilia Halim Subahan Mohd Meerah Kamisah Osman 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(5):1169-1195
Three teaching methods were compared in this study, namely a Cognitive Conflict Management Module (CCM) that is infused into Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE), (Module A) CASE without CCM (Module B) and a conventional teaching method. This study employed a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design using non-equivalent control groups. The design involved 130 participants from Form 2 (Grade 7) in a Malaysian secondary school. The cognitive level of all participants was classified as non-formal operational on the pre-test and were allocated to one of the four intact groups: experimental group 1, EP1 experienced Module A, experimental group, and EP2 experienced Module B, while the others were divided between two control groups. The impact of the three teaching methods on the level of cognitive development and science achievement were observed after a 20-week intervention. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance/multivariate analysis of covariance, analysis of covariance and a paired-samples t test. It is hoped that this study can contribute to knowledge in the field of cognitive intervention and cognitive conflict strategy. The findings show that a high dose of cognitive intervention in CASE activities within a short period has an effect on the levels of students’ cognitive development, standard science achievement and constructive cognitive conflict. 相似文献
98.
This article presents a case study of Malaysia’s inroad in internationalising its higher education system for the past three decades and proposes recommendations and the way forward in internationalisation. Internationalisation is one of the critical agenda in Malaysia’s higher education transformation with an end target of becoming an international hub of higher education excellence by 2020. The country is no stranger in internationalisation as efforts in student mobility, academic programmes and international collaboration have started since the 1980s and 1990s. As with other higher education systems globally, it was the private sector that initiated and sustained efforts in internationalisation of Malaysian higher education. With the growth in international student enrolment, the country has established itself as a student hub; however, greater focus and clarity in direction should be set forward in accelerating Malaysia’s progress in internationalisation, with research and development as a potential catalyst. The article also questions Malaysia’s current standing with regard to internationalisation and the need in facilitating higher education institutions to build their capacity in internationalisation, highlighting the important roles of individual institutions at both public and private sector that drive the country’s internationalisation agenda. 相似文献
99.
Hajar Ghadirian Keyvan Salehi Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub 《The American journal of distance education》2018,32(1):27-42
An ego network is an individual’s social netwrk relationships with core members. In this study, the ego network parameters in online discussion spaces of high- and low-performing students were compared. The extent to which students’ ego networks changed over the course were also analyzed. Participation in 7 weeks of online discussions were analyzed for 12 high-performing students and 9 low-performing students. Results suggested that ego networks’ compositions of high- and low-performing students were significantly different. Particularly, high-performing students had denser ego networks and tended to exhibit a higher level of centralities than low-performing students. Results of network visualization indicated that high-performing students increased and kept their networks stable over the course in comparison to low-performing students, who had fragmented networks. Several networks’ change mechanisms for high- and low-performing groups are also identified and discussed. 相似文献
100.
AbstractSince 1786 the British occupied Penang, Malacca, and Singapore known as the Straits Settlements. They began indirect rule in Selangor, Perak, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang to form the Federated Malay States in 1896. Cricket and later, football was played by the military and European clubs like the Singapore Cricket Club, the Penang Cricket Club, Selangor Club Lake Club, and Perak Club. The Chinese and Malay in the Straits formed their clubs along ethnic lines. The outstation Malay States clubs of the Kajang Recreation Club, Klang Club, and Malay States Guides had a mixed team of European and Natives. The football tournaments in Singapore were exclusively for Europeans. While the Rodger Football Cup in Selangor was for various non-European teams located in the many districts around Kuala Lumpur. After the railway lines began linking in land towns of Kuala Lumpur, Taiping to Seremban to their respective ports, football teams travelled to other settlements to play matches, facilitating the growth of inter-settlement matches. It enabled the Federated Malay States to organized the first inter-state league in 1899. The diffusion and transmission of football in the Malay States should be seen in context social and political changes in the Malaya Peninsula and its economic growth. 相似文献