New insights on the utilization of ultrasonicated mustard seed cake: chemical composition and antagonistic potential for root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica     

Nadeem  Hera  Malan  Pieter  Khan  Amir  Asif  Mohd  Ahmad Siddiqui  Mansoor  Tuhafeni Angombe  Simon  Ahmad  Faheem 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2021,22(7):563-574

This study focused, for the first time, on the effect of ultrasonic features on the extraction efficiency of secondary metabolites in mustard seed cake(MSC). The nematostatic potential of sonicated seed cake was examined against the second-stage juveniles(J2 s) of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. The results show that a 35 ppm(parts per million) concentration of a sonicated extract(SE) sample of MSC caused 65% J2 s mortality at 18 h exposure period in vitro. It also significantly suppressed the root-knot index(RKI=0.94) in tomato roots. The lethal concentration values for SE were 51.76, 29.79, and 13.34 ppm,respectively, at 6, 12, and 18 h of the exposure period, and the lethal concentration values for the non-sonicated extract(NSE)sample were 116.95, 76.38, and 55.59 ppm, respectively, at similar exposure time. Sinapine and gluconapin were identified as the major compounds in ultrasonic-assisted MSC. Because of the high extraction efficiency of metabolites in the SE, all treatments of SE were shown to be antagonistic to J2 s. Thus, this study of ultrasonication activity-based profiling of MSC may help generate target-based compounds at a scale relevant to the control of disease caused by nematodes in economic crops.  相似文献   

The relationship between the work of teachers in nonformal settings and in school: A Malaysian viewpoint     

Arfah A. Aziz 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1987,33(3):351-355

Conclusion The teacher's role and his involvement in the activities of the community are unrecorded, undocumented, and often unrecognized. However, the teacher plays a very important role in the development of various sectors of the community. The importance of teacher participation is ironically felt when he is absent from, and consequently does not perform his informal functions within the community. This was seen during the early phase of land development schemes, when teachers chose to stay away from the community, and would commute daily to the school. It is because of this that the Ministry of Education now includes the building of teachers' quarters within the compounds of schools to ensure that the teachers stay within the communities they serve.The implementation of the new curriculum programmes requires additional, direct contributions by the teachers. It is time that the community recognized the important contributions expected from, and delivered by the teacher towards the growth and development of not only the child, and the school, but also of the community.  相似文献   

Development and validation of an instrument to assess student attitudes toward science across grades 5 through 10          下载免费PDF全文

Ryan Summers  Fouad Abd‐El‐Khalick 《科学教学研究杂志》2018,55(2):172-205

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A Game Theoretic Approach to Peer Review of Grant Proposals     

Esra Eren Bayindir  Mehmet Yigit Gurdal  Ismail Saglam 《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(4):100981

This paper studies the grant peer review process employed by the Turkish regional development agencies, which is adapted from a review procedure of the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European Union. To model this process, we consider a Bayesian strategic-form game played by three reviewers who observe both a common and a private score signal about an evaluated project and assign their scores to minimize the sum of their disutilities from the false acceptance and false rejection of the project. We numerically compute the Bayesian Nash equilibria of this game and conduct several comparative statics exercises, after calibrating the model parameters accordingly. We also introduce two simpler review processes and compare their performances to that of the calibrated process in terms of outcome statistics, involving pass and fail rates of the evaluated projects, and manipulation statistics, involving the reviewers’ manipulation rate and size of scores.  相似文献   

Fostering Pre-service Teachers’ Self-Determined Environmental Motivation Through Green Chemistry Experiments     

Mageswary Karpudewan  Zurida Ismail  Wolff-Michael Roth 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2012,23(6):673-696

The global environmental crisis intensifies particularly in developing nations. Environmental educators have begun to understand that changing the environmental impact requires not only changes in pro-environmental knowledge and attitudes but also in associated, self-determined motivation. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a green chemistry curriculum changes Malaysian pre-service teachers?? environmental motivation. Two comparable groups of pre-service teachers participated in this study. The students in the experimental group (N?=?140) did green chemistry experiments whereas the control group (N?=?123) did equivalent experiments in a traditional manner. Posttest results indicate that there is significant difference between both the groups for intrinsic motivation, integration, identification, and introjections scales and no differences for external regulation and amotivation scales. The qualitative analysis of interview data suggests that the changes are predominantly due to the personal satisfaction that participants derived from engaging in pro-environmental behavior.  相似文献   

Analysing lecturers’ perceptions on traditional vs. distance learning: A conceptual study of emergency transferring to distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic     

Shambour  Mohd Khaled Yousef  Abu-Hashem  Muhannad A. 《Education and Information Technologies》2022,27(3):3225-3245

Education and Information Technologies - In recent years, and also due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education institutions worldwide have changed their education paradigm from a traditional to an...  相似文献   

Impact of an engineering design-based curriculum compared to an inquiry-based curriculum on fifth graders’ content learning of simple machines     

Ismail Marulcu  Michael Barnett 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2016,34(1):85-104

Background: Elementary Science Education is struggling with multiple challenges. National and State test results confirm the need for deeper understanding in elementary science education. Moreover, national policy statements and researchers call for increased exposure to engineering and technology in elementary science education. The basic motivation of this study is to suggest a solution to both improving elementary science education and increasing exposure to engineering and technology in it.

Purpose/Hypothesis: This mixed-method study examined the impact of an engineering design-based curriculum compared to an inquiry-based curriculum on fifth graders’ content learning of simple machines. We hypothesize that the LEGO-engineering design unit is as successful as the inquiry-based unit in terms of students’ science content learning of simple machines.

Design/Method: We used a mixed-methods approach to investigate our research questions; we compared the control and the experimental groups’ scores from the tests and interviews by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and compared each group’s pre- and post-scores by using paired t-tests.

Results: Our findings from the paired t-tests show that both the experimental and comparison groups significantly improved their scores from the pre-test to post-test on the multiple-choice, open-ended, and interview items. Moreover, ANCOVA results show that students in the experimental group, who learned simple machines with the design-based unit, performed significantly better on the interview questions.

Conclusions: Our analyses revealed that the design-based Design a people mover: Simple machines unit was, if not better, as successful as the inquiry-based FOSS Levers and pulleys unit in terms of students’ science content learning.  相似文献   

How to repair the Hill cipher     

ISMAIL I.A. AMIN Mohammed DIAB Hossam 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(12):2022-2030

INTRODUCTION Owing to the advance in network technology, information security is an increasingly important problem. Popular application of multimedia tech- nology and increasingly transmission ability of net- work gradually leads us to acquire information di- rectly and clearly through images. Hence, data secu- rity has become a critical and imperative issue. Hill cipher is a block cipher that has several advantages such as disguising letter frequencies of the plaintext, its simplicity be…  相似文献   

Measuring Science Teachers’ Stress Level Triggered by Multiple Stressful Conditions     

Lilia Halim  Mohd Ali Samsudin  T. Subahan M. Meerah  Kamisah Osman 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2006,4(4):727-739

The complexity of science teaching requires science teachers to encounter a range of tasks. Some tasks are perceived as stressful while others are not. This study aims to investigate the extent to which different teaching situations lead to different stress levels. It also aims to identify the easiest and most difficult conditions to be regarded as stressful conditions by science teachers. An occupational stress inventory of 25 items developed by Okebukola (1988) validation of the occupational stress inventory for science teachers. Science Teacher, was used to measure the science teachers’ stress level in science teaching. A four point Likert scale ranging from 1 – ‘no stress at all’ to 4 – ‘extreme stress’ was used. Fifty-eight Malaysian secondary science teachers participated in the survey in which six volunteered to participate in the interview study. The data was then analyzed using the Rasch model to measure the level of stress caused by different kinds of stressful conditions. Even though ‘overloaded science syllabus’ was identified to be the basis of multiple stressful conditions, it was, however, difficult for the respondents to regard it as a stressful condition. On the other hand, the respondents found that ‘having to teach difficult science topics’ is easiest to be regarded as a stressful condition. It was shown that even though ‘overloaded science syllabus’ is the starting point for stress caused by multiple conditions, due to the availability of coping strategies which can be employed by the respondents, the stressor is minor in causing stress among teachers. On the other hand, when teachers lack the availability of coping strategies dealing with teaching difficult science topics, they easily feel stressful. One of the main recommendations to overcome stressful conditions is to provide the science teachers ‘topic specific pedagogy’ during in-service training.  相似文献   

Effect of seedling age and water depth on morphological and physiological aspects of transplanted rice under high temperature   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Khakwani AA  Shiraishi M  Zubair M  Baloch MS  Naveed K  Awan I 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2005,6(5):389-395

INTRODUCTION Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most im-portant crops in Pakistan. It is the third largest crop interms of area and production after wheat and cotton.Although rice in Pakistan is consuming large acreage,Pakistan is still far behind other rice producingcountries. The average yield is very low (2 t/ha) ascompared to Egypt (8.4 t/ha) and USA (6.6 t/ha).There are many reasons for this low yield. The mostimportant are high temperature (40?50 °C), low hu-midity at …  相似文献