发展中国家实现终身学习的障碍与策略   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

阿布杜尔·卡恩  熊锟 《中国远程教育(综合版)》2003,(7):21-27

众所周知,教育在社会的可持续发展方面起着关键的作用,它有助于减少贫困,增加收入,发展民主,预防疾病,促进健康和保护环境。教育、消除贫困以及人类发展三者的主要关系可以概括为(CIDA,2001):教育能够发展人力资本和生产力,保持家庭健康和营养,促进个人的发展和社会的发展,所有这些特点都有助于减少贫困;发展人力资本和生产力与社会的发展又有利于整个社会宏观经济的增长和发展。当今,教育、学习、知识获得以及技能的作用变得比以往任何时代都更为重要。无论从宏观还是微观的层次来看,我们应付日益变革的能力将成为成功的关键因素(Khan,1997)。那么,使得学习成为决定我们未来的决定性因素是哪些呢?本文拟就发展中国家的教育来探讨这一主题,作者的基本理论前提是:第一、学习是个人与社会生存的关键;第二、传统的教育体系已无法满足日益强烈的学习需求;第三、必须为大多数人的终身学习提供灵活多样的工具和技术;第四、充分应用现代信息技术帮助人们克服学习  相似文献   

Quantum-Inspired Blockchain-Based Cybersecurity: Securing Smart Edge Utilities in IoT-Based Smart Cities     

Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif  Bassem Abd-El-Atty  Irfan Mehmood  Khan Muhammad  Salvador E. Venegas-Andraca  Jialiang Peng 《Information processing & management》2021,58(4):102549

Blockchain plays a vital task in cybersecurity. With the exerted efforts for realising large-scale quantum computers, most current cryptographic mechanisms may be hacked. Accordingly, we need a quantum tool utilised for designing blockchain frameworks to have the ability to be executed in the level of digital computers and resist the probable attacks from both digital and quantum computers. Quantum walks may be utilised as a quantum-inspired model for designing new cryptographic algorithms. In this paper, we present a new authentication and encryption protocol based on quantum-inspired quantum walks (QIQW). The proposed protocol is utilized to build a blockchain framework for secure data transmission among IoT devices. Instead of using classical cryptographic hash functions, quantum hash functions based on QIQW are employed for linking blocks of the chain. The main advantages of the presented framework are helping IoT nodes to effectively share their data with other nodes and full control of their records. Security analysis demonstrates that our proposed protocol can defend against message attack and impersonation attacks, thus ensuring secure transmission of data among IoT devices.  相似文献   

Instructional management of a private and a government secondary school principal in Northern Pakistan     

Asif Khan 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012,32(1):120-131

This study investigated the instructional management of a private and a government secondary school principal in the Gigit-Baltistan region of Northern Pakistan. The study used the following lenses to examine the instructional behavior of the two principals: supervisory techniques, professional development activities, curriculum enrichment, and the availability of instructional resources. A comparison between the levels of engagement of the private and public school principals for the promotion of instructional matter suggests that the private school principal spent more time than the government principal on the development of instructional practices in his school. The study maintains that variables, such as structural processes, personal disposition of principals, and staff characteristics, led the two subjects to deal with their instructional responsibility differently.  相似文献   

The contribution of primary school teachers to curriculum planning and development in Iraq     

Kadhum Khan Al‐Daami  John W. Stanley 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(3):357-376

ABSTRACT

This article describes the role of primary school teachers in Iraq in connection with curriculum change and development. It identifies the ways in which professional teachers have been faced with increased central control and concludes by responding directly to the Ministry of Education. A survey involving interviews and question‐ naires was conducted with primary school teachers of different school location, age, gender, experience, qualifications and subjects taught, and in various school locations. Headteachers and education officials were also interviewed to establish the degree of involvement of primary teachers in their curriculum planning process.  相似文献   

Validation of the short form of the career development inventory with an Iranian high school sample     

Ahmad Sadeghi  Iran Baghban  Fatemeh Bahrami  Ahmad Ahmadi  Peter Creed 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2011,11(1):29-38

A short 33-item form of the Career Development Inventory was validated on a sample of 310 Iranian high school students. Factor analysis indicated that attitude and cognitive subscale items loaded on their respective factors, and that internal reliability coefficients at all levels were satisfactory to good. Support for validity was demonstrated by associations in the expected direction for career decidedness and career decision-making self-efficacy. This short form of the inventory shows promise as a measure of career maturity with students from a non-Western country.  相似文献   

Nutritional composition of Pakistani wheat varieties     

Ikhtiar K  Alam Z 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(8):555-559

Pakistani wheat varieties are grown over a wide agro-climatic range and as such are anticipated to exhibit yield and quality differences. It is therefore necessary to investigate the nutritional status of wheat varieties in terms of biochemical and physiochemical characteristics available for food and nutritional purposes in Pakistan. The result shows that wheat grains of different varieties contain a net protein level of 9.15%～10.27%, 2.15%～2.55% total fats, 1.72%～1.85% dietary fibers,77.65×10^-6～84.25×10^-6 of potassium and 7.70× 10 6～35.90× 10^-6 of sodium ions concentration, 0.24× 10^-6～0.84× 10^-6 of phosphorus, 1.44%～2.10% ash, 31.108～43.602 g of thousand grain mass （TGM） and 8.38%～9.67% moisture contents. This study is significant in providing an opportunity to explore the available wheat varieties and to further improve their nutritional excellence and also essential for setting nutritional regulations for domestic and export purposes.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of ontology-based learning content generation for preschool cognitive skills learning     

Ghulam Mustafa  Yaser Hafeez  Sharifullah Khan  Gwo-Jen Hwang 《Interactive Learning Environments》2019,27(4):443-457

During early childhood, children start developing their cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioural skills, laying the foundation for life-long learning. Cognitive skills are usually taught in traditional classrooms through the use of textbooks and worksheets. The learning content in these textbooks and worksheets is static pre-authored content that is repeatedly used for teaching and learning. This repetition jeopardises the child's learning of individualised and cognitive skills. Preschool cognitive skills learning content comprises facts of everyday life. Similarly, the Semantic Web attempts to model these facts through ontologies. From this, a relationship appears between preschool cognitive skills learning content and the ontologies. The present work focuses on the stated problem and presents the theoretical and development details of a child-friendly tutoring application that dynamically generates cognitive skills learning content using ontologies as domain knowledge. The proposed application was evaluated in a preschool environment for its learning effectiveness and the correctness of the generated content. Three groups of preschool children participated in the study for preschool cognitive skills learning through the use of the proposed application. The first group learned the cognitive skills through the traditional method with textbooks and the teacher's teaching. The second group learned the skills through the proposed application at school in classroom sessions. The third group experienced the proposed application both at school and at home, along with regular classroom sessions. The results show significant gains by the third group over the other two groups, and hence support the use of the proposed application in practice. However, the enhanced learning by the third group disappears if the additional application usage time is removed. Moreover, the results of the expert evaluation show that a great deal of the learning content was correctly generated, thus justifying the true modelling of the domain ontology.  相似文献   

Mutualistic fungal endophytes produce phytohormones and organic acids that promote japonica rice plant growth under prolonged heat stress     

Muhammad Waqas  Abdul Latif Khan  Raheem Shahzad  Ihsan Ullah  Abdur Rahim Khan  In-Jung Lee 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(12):1011-1018

  相似文献   

Finite element analysis and modeling of water absorption by date pits during a soaking process     

Motahareh Waezi-Zadeh  Ahmad Ghazanfari  Shahin Noorbakhsh 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(7):482-488

Date pits for feed preparation or oil extraction are soaked in water to soften before milling or extrusion. Knowledge of water absorption by the date pits helps in better managing the soaking duration. In this research, the process of water absorption by date pits was modeled and analyzed using Fick's second law of diffusion, finite element approach, and Peleg model. The moisture content of the pits reached to its saturation level of 41.5% (wet basis) after 10 d. The estimated coefficient of diffusion was 9.89×10-12 m2/s. The finite element model with a proposed ellipsoid geometry for a single date pit and the analytical model fitted better to the experimental data with R2 of 0.98. The former model slightly overestimated the moisture content of the pits during the initial stages of the soaking and the latter model generally underestimated this variable through the entire stages of soaking process.  相似文献   

Bread wheat varieties as influenced by different nitrogen levels   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

Hussain I  Khan MA  Khan EA 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(1):70-78

INTRODUCTION Dera Ismail Khan lies in Pakistan’s arid zone (71.07° longitude, 31.57° latitude and 500 m above sea level). This zone is in the extreme south of (NWFP) Pakistan at the bank of the River Indus. Dera Ismail Khan is bounded by Sulaiman Range to the West, the Indus River on the East, Marwat and Bhit- tani Ranges on the North and Vehowa Nala (Punjab) on the South. Besides certain local variability the area is comprised of four basic divisions viz mountains, a series …  相似文献