How do children deal with inconsistencies in text? An eye fixation and self-paced reading study in good and poor reading comprehenders     

Menno van der Schoot  Albert Reijntjes  Ernest C. D. M. van Lieshout 《Reading and writing》2012,25(7):1665-1690

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Evaluation and Opportunities in Overtraining Approaches     

Jolanda Roose  Wouter R. de Vries  Sandor L. Schmikli  Frank J.G. Backx  Lorenz J.P. van Doornen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):756-764

Overtraining (OT) as a sports phenomenon can be caused by stressors on various levels (physical, emotional, psychological, and social) and evokes responses on these levels. This study evaluated research and new opportunities in the field of OT by introducing an integrated multidisciplinary approach, based on the single and multistressors approach. The single stressor approach focuses on the training load-recovery imbalance, which results in a stagnating performance, excluding the etiology by nonsport-related factors. The multistressors approach includes all factors as relevant in the etiology of a stagnating performance. In future studies on OT, an integrative approach should not only highlight changes in training regimes and specific responses to training stressors but also focus on the role of training-related recovery, the impact of stressors, and personality factors influencing stress appraisal. This will provide a better insight into the etiology and consequences of OT, necessary for prevention and treatment in sport practice, and enhance the focus on adequate recovery (good sleep, sufficient rest periods) and athletes' stress-related responses.  相似文献   

Cardiac Structure and Function in Weight Trainers,Runners, and Runner/Weight Trainers     

Barbara A. Blias  Kris E. Berg  Richard W. Latin  Morris B. Mellion  Philip J. Hofschire 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):326-332

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to describe and compare cardiac structure and function in adult male weight trainers, runners, and those who do both activities. Subjects had actively participated in the various training programs for the previous five years. Age ranged from 28.4 to 31.3 years in the three groups. Echocardiography was used to assess selected heart diameters, volumes, indices of contractility, and thicknesses, while VO₂ max and percent body fat were measured using standard methods. Heart structure and function were expressed in absolute terms and relative to total body weight. An alpha level of .05 was used in all comparisons. Results indicated the runners demonstrated significantly greater relative LVID_d, LVID_s, and LVPW than the weight trainers. The runner/weight trainers possessed significantly greater relative LVID_d, LVID_s, LVPW, IVS, and LVEDV than the weight trainers. No significant differences, absolute or relative, existed between the runner and runner/weight trainer groups in any of the myocardial structure and function variables. It was concluded that men who run or run and weight train have similar structural and functional characteristics of the heart and possess greater relative internal diameter and left ventricular wall thickness than men who only weight train.  相似文献   

Bodyline,the British World and the Evolution of an Australian National Identity     

Jared van Duinen 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):250-264

This article contributes to the historiographical debate concerning the nature and evolution of an Australian national identity. It does so through the case study of cricket and, in particular, cricketing relations with Britain. It argues that the movement of cultural traffic – that is the two-way transmission of people, ideas and sports – between metropole and colony was central to the formation, definition and evolution of an Australian cricketing identity. Furthermore, it suggests that this sporting national identity acted as a rehearsal for a broader Australian identity.  相似文献   

Towards a Better Description of Genre Archives: A Case Study of Travel Archives     

Lee Arnold  Thomas van der Walt 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(6):369-392

Abstract

Researchers attempting to access genre archives are often stymied by insufficient metadata. They frequently overlook collections because a processing archivist may not have described those collections in a way which would have benefitted their research. Historic travel writing, often the end-product of a travel archive, generally focused on pilgrimages, exploration, adventure, and leisure. Yet finding these types of archives is a difficult task due to either too narrow/too broad or insufficient metadata. Archivists can play a more active role in helping these collections expand their audiences by making them more accessible.  相似文献   

Second Life: A Tool for Reference and International Understanding     

Christian van der Ven 《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(2):149-161

The challenges that virtual reference staff volunteers in Second Life (SL) are facing are opportunities at the same time. There are a lot of differences between doing reference work in Real Life (RL) and in SL, but for the most part reference work in-world is quite the same as in the daily life of any reference specialist. In essence, that is. Of course new skills are needed, but this is just for now. In the end, working at a virtual reference desk, especially as one member on a team of international pioneers, is as exciting as it is new!  相似文献   

Tapping into existing information flows: The transformation to compliance by design in business-to-government information exchange     

Nitesh Bharosa  Marijn Janssen  Remco van Wijk  Niels de Winne  Haiko van der Voort  Joris Hulstijn  Yao-hua Tan 《Government Information Quarterly》2013

Transforming Business-to-Government (B2G) information exchange is a next frontier for reducing government spending while improving performance. This paper examines two different B2G information exchange architectures that reflect continuing transformations that empower some government agencies to do better compliance monitoring tasks with fewer resources. The win for the reporting companies is the lower cost of compliance. Instead of focusing on collecting compliance information from individual companies, the government agencies in this study focus on collecting information on the supply chain level, allowing for automated data reconciliation. Our findings reveal that pushing controls (automated checks) upstream (in company software and data sources) results in more efficiency, higher information quality and reduces redundant controls. The examined architectures exhibit high levels of compliance by design, meaning that many control objectives are by default encompassed in the design. This requires a well-aligned combination of data standardization (using shared syntax and semantics) and automated information processing (using an intelligent gateway between businesses and government agencies). However, achieving such an alignment is a difficult challenge; especially when taking into account that such transformations require solid governance, trust and high initial investments — prerequisites that are rare in many public-private partnerships.  相似文献   

A Plea for a Poor Man’s HCI Component in Software Engineering and Computer Science Curricula; After all: The Human-Computer Interface is the System   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Gerrit van der Veer  Hans van Vliet 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(3):207-225

Most software development approaches and curricular guidelines seem to ignore the fact that in many software systems the user interface is a decisive factor for product quality. As a result, it is often designed rather independently of the system’s functionality. Chances are then that it does not get the attention it deserves. In the approach to software development we sketch, the design of the user interface and the design of the functionality go hand in hand. We give a number of examples of user interface problems, and illustrate how these can be caught early if a more integrated approach is taken. We conclude with an outline of a minimal course on humancomputer interaction that we feel should be part of everyone’s software engineering or computer science curriculum.  相似文献   

Specificity and overlap in skills underpinning reading and arithmetical fluency     

Victor van Daal  Aryan van der Leij  Herman Adèr 《Reading and writing》2013,26(6):1009-1030

The aim of this study was to examine unique and common causes of problems in reading and arithmetic fluency. 13- to 14-year-old students were placed into one of five groups: reading disabled (RD, n = 16), arithmetic disabled (AD, n = 34), reading and arithmetic disabled (RAD, n = 17), reading, arithmetic, and listening comprehension disabled (TRIPLE, n = 9), and typically developing students (NON-LD, n = 40). Multivariate analyses of covariance and variance component analyses showed that reading problems are characterised by difficulties with phonological processing and with rapid automatic naming. Problems with executive functioning and with digit span were typical for students with arithmetical fluency difficulties. RAD students had problems with phonological processing, rapid naming, executive functioning, and digit span. Impairments in number fact fluency, digit span, loudness perception, speeded sound manipulation, and coding, which all share a fluency component were common to problems with reading and arithmetical fluency.  相似文献   

Effects of metacognitive strategy instruction and instruction time on reading comprehension     

A. A. M. Houtveen  W. J. C. M. van de Grift 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(2):173-190

Ten-year-old students in an experimental group and a control group were tested for metacognitive abilities in reading comprehension before and after implementation of treatment in the experimental group. The teachers of the students in the experimental group were trained in metacognitive strategy instruction and in optimizing instruction time for reading comprehension. The learning gains made by the students in the experimental group in metacognitive abilities for reading comprehension turned out to be significantly greater than those made by the students in the control group. In the next school, year the students in the former experimental group and the former control group were tested for reading comprehension. It turned out that the students in the former experimental group had significantly better results on reading comprehension than the students in the former control group.  相似文献