Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Growth and Change     

Cody S. Ding  Mark L. Davison  Anne C. Petersen 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2005,42(2):171-191

Latent growth curve modeling provides a powerful and flexible tool for researchers to study individual differences in change as well as the correlates and predictors of change. Recent developments in estimation and hypothesis testing procedures are largely based on confirmatory structural equation approaches. In this article, an alternative exploratory approach is proposed for the analysis of growth and change using multidimensional scaling (MDS). When applied to growth data, it is a growth pattern recognition technique that partitions individual differences into initial level and growth pattern components. When applied to other longitudinal data, it can be used to study change patterns. A math achievement data set is used to illustrate the growth modeling method and a mood variable is used to illustrate change modeling. The strengths and limitations of the MDS growth profile analysis are discussed.  相似文献   

It matters whether reading comprehension is conceptualised as rate or accuracy     

Louise Flensted Rnberg  Dorthe Klint Petersen 《Journal of Research in Reading》2016,39(2):209-228

This study shows that it makes a difference whether accuracy measures or rate measures are used when assessing reading comprehension. When the outcome is reading comprehension accuracy (i.e., the number of correct responses), word reading skills (measured as access to orthographic representations) account for a modest amount of the variance in the reading comprehension of 10‐year old children. However, this changes when reading comprehension is conceptualised as rate (i.e., number of correct responses per minute); when this is done, the correlation with word reading increases. The result was validated in two different reading comprehension tests. Moreover, this study indicates that it is not merely efficient word reading that influences the process of comprehending at a fast rate. When word reading and receptive vocabulary are controlled, a written measure of the ability to access and connect similar word meanings (synonym judgement) explains additional variance in reading comprehension rate.  相似文献   

The Influence of Additional Educational Support on Poverty-Stricken Adolescents’ Resilience and Academic Performance     

Garfield Bester  Nadine Kuyper 《Africa Education Review》2020,17(3):158-174

Abstract

Resilience can be viewed as successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances (e.g. poverty). This article reports on an investigation of which the primary aim was to establish how additional educational support enhances adolescents’ resilience and academic performance. A quantitative approach was followed using two schools. One was a poverty-stricken school where additional educational support was officially offered, while the other school offered normal required tuition and was located in a middle class suburb. In total, 117 Grade 9 and 10 learners participated in the research. The results indicated that resilience related positively to academic performance and to other factors which are associated with academic performance such as teacher-learner relationships, parental involvement and study methods. Additional educational support to poverty-stricken learners resulted in higher resilience and academic achievement. Amongst the variables used in the investigation, additional educational support explained the largest proportion of the variance in academic achievement, followed by resilience and cognitive development.  相似文献   

Dyslexia in adults: Evidence for deficits in non-word reading and in the phonological representation of lexical items     

Carsten Elbro  Ina Nielsen  Dorthe K. Petersen 《Annals of dyslexia》1994,44(1):203-226

Difficulties in reading and language skills which persist from childhood into adult life are the concerns of this article. The aims were twofold: (1) to find measures of adult reading processes that validate adults’ retrospective reports of difficulties in learning to read during the school years, and (2) to search for indications of basic deficits in phonological processing that may point toward underlying causes of reading difficulties. Adults who reported a history of difficulties in learning to read (n=102) were distinctly disabled in phonological coding in reading, compared to adults without similar histories (n=56). They were less disabled in the comprehension of written passages, and the comprehension disability was explained by the phonological difficulties. A number of indications were found that adults with poor phonological coding skills in reading (i.e., dyslexia) have basic deficits in phonological representations of spoken words, even when semantic word knowledge, phonemic awareness, educational level, and daily reading habits are taken into account. It is suggested that dyslexics possess less distinct phonological representations of spoken words. This research was supported by a grant from the Danish Research Council to the first author.  相似文献   

Can images provide contextual support for prose?     

Robert M. Bernard  Chris H. Petersen  Mohamed Ally 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1981,29(2):101-108

This study sought to determine whether contextual organizers presented before prose passages can improve learning and retention among students who have no prior knowledge of the subject. The researchers used two types of organizers — an image and its verbal equivalent. Students who were provided the organizers scored better than control students on tests given two weeks later, but the predicted advantage of images over verbal learning adjuncts did not appear.  相似文献   

Reviews     

Jack Hydes  E. V. Humphries  Nadine Shipstone 《Literacy》1980,14(2):31-34

Peet, M. C. and Robinson, D. (1978) The Critical Examination. Morris, Helen (1979). Where's That Poem? Swatridge, C. and S. (1979) The Biblio File: an Index of prose Passages. Raggett, Michael, Tutt, Christine, qnd Raggett, Patricia (Editors), (1979) Assessment and Testing of Reading: Problems and Practices.  相似文献   

Sexual violence and youth in South Africa: the need for community-based prevention interventions     

Petersen I  Bhana A  McKay M 《Child abuse & neglect》2005,29(11):1233-1248

OBJECTIVES: South Africa is reported to have one of the highest rates of sexual violence in the world, with adolescent girls between the ages of 12-17 being particularly at risk. Given that adolescence is considered a critical developmental period for establishing normative sexual behavior, this study explored multiple levels of risk influences that render adolescent girls vulnerable to becoming victims of sexual violence and adolescent boys vulnerable to becoming perpetrators of such abuse in one South African community. METHOD: A case study approach using qualitative rapid focused ethnographic methods was used. This involved 10 focus group interviews and 10 individual interviews with a volunteer convenience sample of adolescent boys and girls between the ages of 14 and 16 years. RESULTS: Inductive thematic analysis revealed that there were indeed multiple levels of risk influences for adolescent girls and boys becoming either victims or perpetrators of sexual violence. Using the Theory of Triadic Influence as a framework, influences at the distal socio-cultural/environmental level included traditional notions of masculinity and normalization of inter-personal violence as well as poverty and the commodification of sex leading to rape supportive attitudes. Influences at the proximal situation context/social normative level included high-risk social norms as well as a weak adult and community protective shield. Finally, influences at the intra-personal level included low self-esteem and self-efficacy as well as inter-personal affective anger. CONCLUSION: Given the multiple levels of risk influences that need to be addressed to protect youth from becoming either perpetrators or victims of sexual violence in the South African context, prevention programs should necessarily be comprehensive, developmentally timed, and community-based.  相似文献   

Complexity thinking mentorship: an emergent pedagogy of graduate research development     

Nadine M. Kalin  Daniel T. Barney  Rita L. Irwin 《Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning》2013,21(4):353-367

In this article we articulate a view of mentoring that extends into interactive and relational forms, fostering a redefinition of traditional roles and practices within mentor‐protégé models. From the perspectives of a senior administrator and two assistant professors, we revisit the mentoring spaces and relations within which we were engaged while working in an approach to arts‐based educational research known as a/r/tography during dissertation research projects. From our interconnected experiences, we propose a framing of the intersections between a/r/tographic research and mentorship informed by complexity thinking. We analyzed our work together while deconstructing the ways in which we have supported and unsettled each other. Through narrative inquiry we share reflections from dissertation research experiences, while also describing patterns of an emerging pedagogy of mentoring within higher education that we term complexity thinking mentorship. Borrowing from complexity theory, this conception of mentorship attends to the specific conditions of redundancy, decentralized control and diversity as being facilitative of evolving change and insight within graduate student research development.  相似文献   

Hidden in plain sight: defying juridical racialization in Rhinelander v. Rhinelander     

Nadine Ehlers 《传播与批判/文化研究》2013,10(4):313-334

This article examines the intersectionality of law and race to argue that law, in its broadest understanding, has played a pivotal role in the performative constitution of racial subjects. This disciplinary regulation, which has operated to “fix” an individual within a racial status under law, has augmented the production of the individual as a raced subject. An analysis of Rhinelander v. Rhinelander, however, illuminates that a defiance of racial performative dictates can render “race” hidden in plain sight. This rendering represents an escape from the regulatory mechanisms of law, posing a counter‐power that threatens to disturb hegemonic whiteness.  相似文献   

The Z-index: A geometric representation of productivity and impact which accounts for information in the entire rank-citation profile     

Alexander M. Petersen  Sauro Succi 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(4):823-832

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