Orthographic learning during reading: the role of whole‐word visual processing          下载免费PDF全文

Marie‐line Bosse  Nathalie Chaves  Pierre Largy  Sylviane Valdois 《Journal of Research in Reading》2015,38(2):141-158

The self‐teaching hypothesis suggests that knowledge about the orthographic structure of words is acquired incidentally during reading through phonological recoding. The current study assessed whether visual processing skills during reading further contribute to orthographic learning. French children were asked to read pseudowords. The whole pseudoword letter string was available at once for half of the targets while the pseudoword's sub‐lexical units were discovered in turn for the other half. Then memorisation of the targets’ orthographic form was assessed. Although most pseudowords were accurately decoded, target orthographic forms were recognised more often when the pseudowords entire orthographic sequence was available at once during the learning phase. The whole‐word presentation effect was significant and stable from third to fifth grades. This effect was affected neither by target reading accuracy nor by target reading speed during the learning phase. Results suggest that beyond recoding skills, the ability to process the entire orthographic letter string at once during reading contributes to efficient orthographic learning.  相似文献   

Inclusion of 'pupils-who-need-extra-help': social transactions in the accessibility of resource and mainstream classrooms     

Nathalie Belanger 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(3):231-252

When you assess something, you are forced to assume that a linear scale of values can be applied to it. Otherwise no assessment is possible. Every person who says of something that it is good or bad or a bit better than yesterday is declaring that a points system exists. (Peter Hoeg, Borderliners)  相似文献   

A methodological approach to short-term tracking of youth physical fitness: the Oporto Growth,Health and Performance Study     

Michele Souza  Joey Eisenmann  Raquel Chaves  Daniel Santos  Sara Pereira  Cláudia Forjaz 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(19):1885-1892

In this paper, three different statistical approaches were used to investigate short-term tracking of cardiorespiratory and performance-related physical fitness among adolescents. Data were obtained from the Oporto Growth, Health and Performance Study and comprised 1203 adolescents (549 girls) divided into two age cohorts (10–12 and 12–14 years) followed for three consecutive years, with annual assessment. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed with 1-mile run/walk test; 50-yard dash, standing long jump, handgrip, and shuttle run test were used to rate performance-related physical fitness. Tracking was expressed in three different ways: auto-correlations, multilevel modelling with crude and adjusted model (for biological maturation, body mass index, and physical activity), and Cohen’s Kappa (κ) computed in IBM SPSS 20.0, HLM 7.01 and Longitudinal Data Analysis software, respectively. Tracking of physical fitness components was (1) moderate-to-high when described by auto-correlations; (2) low-to-moderate when crude and adjusted models were used; and (3) low according to Cohen’s Kappa (κ). These results demonstrate that when describing tracking, different methods should be considered since they provide distinct and more comprehensive views about physical fitness stability patterns.  相似文献   

Linking Spatial Named Entities to the Web of Data for Geographical Analysis of Historical Texts     

Pierre-Henri Paris  Nathalie Abadie 《Journal of Map & Geography Libraries》2017,13(1):82-110

In our work, we are interested in facilitating the exploration by scholars of the geography of texts: in particular, historical narrative texts describing routes. Semantic annotation constitutes the first step to enrich such text with the necessary information for producing analytical maps. The present article focuses on the disambiguation of spatial named entities (SNE) by the attribution of an identifier of the ever-growing Web of Data. This giant knowledge base (KB) provides qualitative spatial information about geographic entities, in particular spatial relations such as (:Paris :southOf :Lille), (:Paris :country :France). We thus propose a graph-matching algorithm relying on the A^* algorithm and graph-edit distances for choosing the best referent in the KB for the SNE. We performed preliminary experiments and noted the clear gain in performance. We propose some examples of maps that are built semi-automatically. Finally, we draw conclusions and describe our plans of future work.  相似文献   

Memory strategies and metamemory knowledge under memory demands change in waiters learners     

Nathalie Huet  Claudette Mariné 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1997,12(1):23-35

This study aims to examine how adults use memory strategies when memory demands change and how it depends on metamemory and may account for individual differences. Metamemory about strategy was assessed by interview in forty waiters learners. Then, they were asked to execute a simulated beverage-service task (three successive recalls) for which memory demands were manipulated with table size and perceptive cues. At last, working memory span was assessed. Results revealed a significant contribution of the various variables (memory demands, metamemory knowledge, span) on recall performances when the three different recalls were considered as separated. By contrast, the four strategy patterns observed on this sample could not be distinguished neither according to metamemory knowledge nor as a function of performance. The issue about the individual differences in strategy efficiency is explored by pointing out methodological limits. Moreover, the non linear progression of performance with the increase in the level of elaborative strategy use is discussed.  相似文献   

Is there a drop in normative clearsightedness in sixth grade? Study of internality and normative clearsightedness in fourth to seventh graders     

Johann Bigot  Nathalie Pichot  Benoît Testé 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2004,19(4):335-347

Numerous studies have demonstrated a decrease in the expression of internality in French sixth graders as compared to fifth graders. The present study examines normative clearsightedness in addition to internality across four French school grades (fourth to seventh). The results confirmed the sixth-grade drop in internality and showed that the decrease also applies to normative clearsightedness.  相似文献   

“Are you really ready to change?” An actor-oriented perspective on a farmers training setting in Madagascar     

Nathalie Muller Mirza  Anne-Nelly Perret-Clermont 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2016,31(1):79-93

Far from following a linear process from its conception to its implementation, an educational design often involves discrepancies between what its promoters intended and what the participants actually do. In this paper, drawing from a sociocultural perspective to learning, we focus our attention precisely on some of the discrepancies observed during the implementation of a training program. We consider these discrepancies not as mistakes or misunderstandings, but rather as indicators of the communicative dimension of any intervention and as “windows” on the processes of change and on learning. The program we have studied here was set up in Madagascar and was sustained by a Swiss cooperation agency addressed to farmers in the field of forestry. In this research, we adopted an actor-oriented perspective in order to understand the promoters’ and the beneficiaries’ interpretation of the design and the way they developed innovative strategies to resolve the difficulties they faced. We chose some “critical incidents” from the data gathered through ethnographical research and show how the whole process of the conception and the implementation of the program was deeply affected by both the power dynamic embedded in the history of the relationship between the Swiss and the Malagasy groups and by their own cultural and institutional constraints. In conclusion, we discuss the significance of an actor-oriented perspective that contributes to a better understanding of the social and cultural dimensions of learning and allows us to relate the here and now micro-phenomena to the larger anthropological, social, and political scenery.  相似文献   

Promoting elementary school students' autonomous reading motivation: Effects of a teacher professional development workshop     

Jessie De Naeghel  Hilde Van Keer  Maarten Vansteenkiste  Leen Haerens  Nathalie Aelterman 《The Journal of educational research》2016,109(3):232-252

Responding to the declining trend in reading motivation in and beyond the elementary school years, the authors aimed to enhance late-elementary school students' autonomous reading motivation. Toward this end, the authors evaluated the influence of a teacher professional development grounded in self-determination theory on fifth-grade students' (n = 664) autonomous motivation for in-school and leisure-time reading. A quasi-experimental repeated measures design was set up with experimental and control conditions. The experimental condition consisted of teachers participating in a professional development workshop aimed at providing the knowledge and skills necessary to implement an autonomy-supportive and structuring teaching style, whereas the control condition included teachers who continued with their current teaching repertoire. Multilevel piece-wise growth analyses corroborated that students in the experimental group reported increased recreational autonomous reading motivation from pretest to posttest relative to the control group. Additional analyses made clear that boys in particular benefitted from their teachers' professional development.  相似文献   

An interesting ride     

Chernoff  Nathalie L. 《Metascience》2010,19(2):333-335

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Systematic evaluation of public participation projects: Analytical framework and application based on two Belgian neighborhood watch projects     

Dave Gelders  Marleen Brans  Jeroen Maesschalck  Nathalie Colsoul 《Government Information Quarterly》2010

In this article, we present an analytical framework that lists the conditions for successful public participation in government affairs. In view of the increased importance of neighborhood watch projects/information networks, we apply the framework to this form of public participation. We analyze and compare two Belgian cases on the basis of document analysis, interviews with participants involved in the cases and a panel of experts. Our case study shows that the conditions that are described in the current article (participation and collaboration, resources, policy involvement, communication, context, method, and continuity) are relevant for analyses of this type and indicate important guidelines for government communication policies.  相似文献